Overview
Elytrigia dasystachya (Hook.) A.& D. Löve, commonly known as big squirreltail, is a perennial grass species native to North America and Eurasia. It belongs to the family Poaceae and is commonly found in dry, open habitats such as prairies, meadows, and sagebrush steppe.
Appearance
The big squirreltail grass can grow up to 1 meter tall with green to bluish-green leaves that are up to 60 centimeters long and 2-4 millimeters wide. It produces erect stems that are typically branched at the top, forming an open and spreading inflorescence or seed head. The seed heads are large and have a fuzzy appearance due to the many long and bristly awns on the spikelets, which can be up to 14 centimeters long. The seed heads are commonly green, turning to a golden brown color as they mature.
Uses
Elytrigia dasystachya has a number of uses, including forage for livestock and wildlife, erosion control, and habitat restoration projects. The seeds of the plant are consumed by small mammals and birds, and the plant provides cover and nesting habitat for various wildlife species. The grass has also been used in traditional Native American medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including stomach problems, toothaches, and fever.
Additionally, the large seed heads of big squirreltail are highly ornamental and can be used in dried flower arrangements or as a natural accent in floral designs.
Cultivation
Big squirreltail is tolerant of a wide range of soil and moisture conditions but prefers dry, well-draining soils and full sun. It is a hardy plant that can withstand drought, grazing, and fire. The grass is often used in restoration projects to establish native plant communities in degraded landscapes and prevent soil erosion.
Growth Conditions for Elytrigia dasystachya
Elytrigia dasystachya is a perennial grass species that grows in the Arctic, sub-Arctic, and alpine regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. The plant is commonly known by several other names including rough-sheathed wheatgrass, thickspike wheatgrass, and bunchgrass.
Light Conditions
Elytrigia dasystachya grows well in full sun to partial shade. It can tolerate shade but may not flower or produce seeds as abundantly as those grown in full sun. At least 6 hours of sunlight per day is ideal for its growth.
Temperature Requirements
Elytrigia dasystachya is adapted to cold climates and can tolerate freezing temperatures. The plant needs a minimum temperature of -20?C during winter to maintain its growth. During the growing season, the plant thrives in temperatures ranging from 10?C to 25?C. Extreme temperature fluctuations can negatively impact the plant's growth, and therefore, it needs a stable temperature regime.
Soil Requirements
Elytrigia dasystachya prefers well-drained soils that are medium to coarse-textured, with a soil pH of 6.5-8.0. The plant can also tolerate soils that are slightly alkaline and can grow in barren, gravelly, and rocky soils. However, it does not thrive in wet or waterlogged soils. Adequate soil moisture is necessary for the plant's growth and survival, and it cannot withstand extended periods of drought.
Cultivation Methods for Elytrigia Dasystachya (Hook.) A.& D. Löve
Elytrigia dasystachya, also known as Rough False Brome or Tufted Hair-grass, is a hardy plant that is well adapted to thrive in a wide range of soil types. The plant is a perennial that grows up to three feet tall. It forms a dense clump of foliage that provides excellent ground cover against soil erosion.
The best time to plant Elytrigia dasystachya is during spring or early fall. The seeds can be sown directly on the soil surface or slightly covered with soil. It is advisable to plant the seedlings about 12 to 18 inches apart to avoid overcrowding.
Watering Needs
Elytrigia dasystachya is a drought-resistant plant, and it can survive on limited water resources. However, for optimal growth and development, the plant requires sufficient watering during the establishment phase. After the plant is well established, it can thrive on rainfall alone.
Fertilization
Elytrigia dasystachya is a low maintenance plant that does not require regular fertilization. However, for better growth and optimum yield, it is advisable to fertilize the plant once or twice a year. The best time to fertilize is during the active growth phase, which is usually in early spring or early fall.
It is recommended to apply a fertilizer with a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. A slow-release fertilizer is an excellent option as it provides nutrients to the plant over an extended period.
Pruning
Elytrigia dasystachya is a low maintenance plant that does not require pruning. However, to improve its appearance, it is advisable to trim the plant once or twice a year. Trimming will help to remove dead or diseased parts of the plant, improving its overall health.
It is recommended to trim the plant during fall or early spring before the active growth phase. Use sharp pruning shears to avoid damaging the plant's healthy parts. After pruning, the plant will respond with vigorous growth and produce new foliage.
Propagation of Elytrigia dasystachya
Elytrigia dasystachya, commonly known as big squirreltail or big alkali grass, is a tough and resilient plant that is well adapted to the harsh conditions of the Great Plains. Propagation of this plant is typically done by either seeds or vegetative means.
Seed Propagation
The easiest way to propagate Elytrigia dasystachya is through seed propagation. The plant produces ample amounts of seeds that can be harvested in late summer when they are fully matured. Before planting, it is recommended to stratify the seeds for at least 30 days in a cooler environment to simulate winter. Plant the seeds in either early spring or fall in a prepared soil bed that should be well-drained and loose.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation can be done by either division or rhizome cuttings. Division should be done in spring or fall for the best results. Cut a section of the rhizome and plant it in a pre-prepared soil bed and give it ample water. Rhizome cuttings can be taken in the spring and stripped of all its leaves except the last two. For optimal results, dip the cutting in a rooting hormone powder and place it in a well-draining soil mix. Provide ample water to keep the soil moist until the cutting roots.
Both seed and vegetative propagation techniques are effective ways to propagate Elytrigia dasystachya. However, it is essential to provide proper care to the plant during the initial growth stages.
Disease and Pest Management for Elytrigia dasystachya (Hook.) A.& D. Löve
Elytrigia dasystachya (Hook.) A.& D. Löve is a type of wild rye commonly found in western North America. Like most plants, Elytrigia dasystachya is prone to various diseases and pests. Proper disease and pest management are crucial to ensure the plant's healthy growth and optimal yield.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that can affect Elytrigia dasystachya is crown rust. Crown rust appears as yellow or orange pustules on the leaves of the plant, resulting in reduced photosynthesis, stunting of growth, and diminished yields. Leaf blight is another common disease that can cause necrosis of the leaves, leaving irregular brown spots on the plant.
Disease Management
The control of Elytrigia dasystachya diseases typically involves preventative measures that include planting resistant varieties and maintaining appropriate irrigation and nutrition. Fungicides can also be used to treat crown rust and leaf blight, but must be applied frequently and consistently throughout the growing season.
Common Pests
Several pests can attack Elytrigia dasystachya, including grasshoppers, mites, and aphids. Grasshoppers can cause significant damage to the plant, chewing on the foliage, and reducing yield. Mites can cause leaf discoloration and stunted growth, while aphids feed on the plant's sap and excrete honeydew, leading to black mold development.
Pest Management
Insecticides can be used to manage pests effectively. However, before using insecticides, it's essential to determine the pest species and the appropriate chemicals to use. Early detection and proper timing of insecticide application are critical to the success of pest management. Additionally, planting resistant varieties, cultural practices like crop rotation, and biological control agents like ladybugs can effectively manage pests in Elytrigia dasystachya fields.
