Overview of Elymus Trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners var. Andinus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Dorn
Elymus Trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners var. Andinus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Dorn, commonly known as Andean wheatgrass, is a plant species belonging to the Poaceae family. It is a hardy, perennial grass species that is native to the western United States and South America. The plant is commonly found in high alpine meadows and subalpine forests at elevations of 8,000 to 12,000 feet above sea level.
General Appearance
Andean wheatgrass grows up to 2 feet in height and has a tufted or densely clumped growth habit. Its leaves are approximately 4-6 inches long and are typically hairless. The plant is characterized by its thin, wiry stems and open flower spikes, with the individual spikelets being green to purplish-blue in appearance.
Common Names
Elymus Trachycaulus var. Andinus is also known by other common names such as bigelow's wheatgrass, blue bunch wheatgrass, and mountain wheatgrass.
Uses
Andean wheatgrass is a valuable forage plant for both wildlife and livestock. It is highly palatable to herbivores such as elk, deer, and cattle, making it an attractive option for pasture and range improvement. Additionally, the plant's deep-rooted nature makes it an excellent soil stabilizer, preventing soil erosion and improving soil fertility. The plant has also been used for its medicinal properties, with reports suggesting it may have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
Light Requirements
Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus typically requires full sun for optimal growth. It can tolerate some partial shade, but prolonged shade can result in stunted growth and poor yield.
Temperature Requirements
Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus can grow in a range of temperatures, but it prefers cool temperatures between 15°C to 18°C. It can survive in temperatures as low as -40°C and as high as 30°C, but extreme temperatures can hinder growth and yield.
Soil Requirements
Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus prefers well-draining soils with a neutral pH level between 6.0 and 7.5. It can grow on a variety of soils, but it thrives in sandy loam soils with moderate fertility. The plant requires sufficient moisture, but waterlogging should be avoided as it can lead to root rot and other fungal infections.
Cultivation Methods
Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. It is a cold-hardy plant that can tolerate harsh winter conditions and prefers cool temperatures. The plant can be propagated through seeds or division of its rhizomes. It is also important to provide sufficient space as the plant can spread and form clumps over time.Watering Needs
Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus requires moderate watering, especially during extended dry periods. The plant is drought-tolerant but still needs to be watered regularly to establish and maintain healthy growth. It is best to water the plant deeply and infrequently rather than frequently and shallowly to encourage deeper root growth.Fertilization
Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus does not need heavy fertilization. However, a balanced fertilizer can be applied in early spring to promote healthy growth. It is also important to supplement the soil with compost or well-rotted manure to provide necessary nutrients and organic matter for the plant.Pruning
Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus does not require extensive pruning. However, it is best to remove dead or damaged leaves as they appear. The plant may also benefit from periodic thinning to maintain its shape and encourage new growth. It is best to do any pruning in the early spring before the plant begins actively growing.Propagation of Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus
Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus, commonly known as Andean wildrye, is a hardy perennial grass that is native to western North America. It is often used for erosion control, revegetation, and as forage for livestock. The plant can be propagated through several methods:
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common and practical method for propagating Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus. The seeds are collected from mature plants during the late fall or early winter. The collected seeds are air dried and cleaned to remove any debris or chaff. They can then be sown directly into the ground or in containers filled with potting soil. The ideal time to sow the seeds is during the fall when the soil temperature is around 60°F. Lightly cover the seeds with soil and water them regularly. With proper care, the seeds will germinate within 10-14 days.
Root Division Propagation
Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus can also be propagated through root division. This method involves dividing the existing clumps of the plant and replanting them in a new location. The best time to carry out this process is during the early spring or late fall when the plant is dormant. Dig up the clump carefully and shake off the excess soil. Divide the clump into smaller sections, each with its shoots and roots, and replant them in well-draining soil. Keep the soil moist until the plant establishes itself in its new location.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation involves taking cuttings from the plant and rooting them to develop new plants. This method is not commonly used for Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus, but it can be tried if seed propagation or root division is not feasible. Take cuttings from mature plants during the early summer months. Cut a 3-4 inch stem from the plant, remove the bottom leaves, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a container filled with potting soil, and keep the soil moist until the plant develops roots.
Overall, Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus is an easy-to-propagate plant that can be grown through seeds, root division, or cuttings. By choosing the right propagation method, gardeners can easily propagate this plant and enjoy its benefits.
Disease Management for Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus
Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus is susceptible to various diseases that affect its growth and development. Some of the common diseases that affect this plant include:
Fusarium root rot
Fusarium root rot is a soil-borne disease that causes the roots of the plant to decay. Infected plants develop yellow leaves and may eventually wilt and die. To manage this disease, it is essential to maintain good plant sanitation by removing infected plants and debris around the plant. Maintaining good soil moisture and avoiding over-fertilization is also critical in managing this disease.
Leaf rust
Leaf rust is a common fungal disease that affects the leaves of Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus. Infected leaves develop rust-colored pustules that eventually merge, forming large patches of rust on the leaves. The disease can cause defoliation, leading to reduced plant growth and yield. To manage this disease, it is essential to plant rust-resistant varieties. Fungicides can also be used to manage severe infections, but it is crucial to follow the manufacturer's instructions.
Pest Management for Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus
Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus is also susceptible to various pests. Some of the common pests that affect this plant include:
Grasshoppers
Grasshoppers are common pests that feed on the leaves and stems of Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus. They can cause severe defoliation, leading to reduced plant growth and yield. To manage grasshoppers, it is essential to maintain good field hygiene by removing weeds and crop residues that provide hiding places for grasshoppers. Insecticides can also be used to manage severe infestations.
Wireworms
Wireworms are soil-dwelling pests that feed on the roots of Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus. Infested plants develop stunted growth and may eventually die. To manage wireworms, it is essential to conduct regular soil tests to monitor their populations. Crop rotation can also help reduce their populations. Insecticides can also be used to manage severe infestations.
