Overview of Elymus ×pinaloensis (Pyrah) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey
Elymus ×pinaloensis (Pyrah) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey, commonly known as the Pinal wildrye, is a perennial bunchgrass native to North America. It is a hybrid between two Elymus species, Elymus glaucus and Elymus multisetus, and was first described by Pyrah in 1974. It is commonly found in Arizona, New Mexico and western Texas.
Appearance of Elymus ×pinaloensis
Elymus ×pinaloensis grows from 30 to 100 cm in height, with a panicle of drooping spikelets, which appear from May to July. Its leaves are long and narrow, and its stem is usually erect and sturdy.
Common Uses of Elymus ×pinaloensis
Elymus ×pinaloensis is commonly used in erosion control and reclamation projects, as it is highly adaptable to different soils and climates. It is also a valuable forage species for livestock, especially during the dry season when other forage plants are scarce. In addition, it is used in landscaping and restoration projects, where its attractive appearance and ability to grow in disturbed areas make it a popular choice.
The Pinal wildrye has also been used traditionally by Native American tribes for medicinal purposes, such as treating stomach ailments and kidney problems.
Growth Conditions for Elymus ×pinaloensis (Pyrah) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey
Elymus ×pinaloensis is a hardy perennial that belongs to the Poaceae family. Generally, it is found growing in rocky areas on slopes, roadsides, and waste grounds. The plant is also able to thrive in disturbed or degraded environments. Here are some detailed growth conditions that are optimal for this species:
Light
Elymus ×pinaloensis requires full sun exposure to grow optimally. It is also able to survive in partial shade, although it may not germinate or produce as much biomass in such conditions. Therefore, it is essential to plant the species in areas where it can receive plenty of direct sunlight.
Temperature
Elymus ×pinaloensis is a hardy plant that can grow in a wide range of temperatures. The species is adapted to cold and temperate climates and can withstand frost and snow. Usually, the plant thrives in areas with temperatures range between 2 - 20°C. It may experience some dormancy during extremely hot and dry conditions. However, it can resprout once the temperature lowers or when sufficient moisture is available.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. Elymus ×pinaloensis can grow in a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. The plant requires a soil pH range between 6.0 and 8.0. However, it can tolerate soils with a pH range of 5.0 - 9.0. Elymus ×pinaloensis is highly tolerant to soil salinity and can grow in soils with a high salt content.
Cultivation Methods
Elymus ×pinaloensis (Pyrah) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey, commonly known as Pinal wildrye, is a cool-season grass that requires full sun to reach its full potential. It prefers well-drained soils and is adaptable to different soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clayey soils. The plant can grow in USDA hardiness zones 4 to 9. It can be propagated through seed or vegetative parts of the plant, like rhizomes.
Watering Needs
The Pinal wildrye is a drought-tolerant plant that requires little irrigation once established. However, it performs best with regular watering and can thrive well in areas with an adequate supply of water. Therefore, it is recommended to water the plant deeply at least once a week during the growing season to prevent it from drying out.
Fertilization
Elymus ×pinaloensis (Pyrah) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey does not require excessive fertilization. Fertilization is recommended only when necessary since an over-application of fertilizers can damage the plant's root system and lead to stunted growth. A soil test can help determine the right amount of fertilizers needed. Organic fertilizers provide the best results and should be applied in early spring or late fall.
Pruning
The Pinal wildrye is a low-maintenance plant that requires little pruning. However, to maintain its attractive appearance and prevent seed formation, it is recommended to cut the plant back in late summer or fall. The cut should be done about 2 inches above the ground, and the debris must be removed from the plant's vicinity. Additionally, dead or damaged leaves or stems should be trimmed as soon as they are observed.
Propagation of Elymus ×pinaloensis (Pyrah) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey
Elymus ×pinaloensis (Pyrah) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey, commonly known as Pinal wildrye, is a hybrid grass species that is native to the United States. Propagation of Elymus ×pinaloensis can be done through two main methods: seed propagation and sod transplantation.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method of propagating Elymus ×pinaloensis. Seeds should ideally be planted in the fall or early spring, depending on the region. Seeds can be planted directly in the field or in containers, and should be sown at a depth of approximately 1 inch. After planting, the soil should be kept moist until germination, which typically occurs within 10 to 14 days.
Seedlings should be thinned to a spacing of 8 to 10 inches between plants to ensure proper growth and development. Fertilization can be done at the time of planting and again in the following spring to ensure healthy growth.
Sod Transplantation
Sod transplantation is another effective method of propagating Elymus ×pinaloensis. This method involves removing a section of sod from an established plant and transplanting it to a new location. The best time to transplant sod is in the fall or early spring when the plant is dormant.
The sod should be cut into smaller pieces and planted in a well-prepared site with good soil drainage. Adequate watering should be given for several weeks after planting to ensure healthy establishment.
It is important to note that Elymus ×pinaloensis is a hybrid species, and planting seeds from this hybrid may not result in the same characteristics as the parent plant. However, sod transplantation ensures that the propagated plants retain the characteristics of the parent plant.
Disease and Pest Management for Elymus ×pinaloensis
Elymus ×pinaloensis (Pyrah) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey, commonly known as Spinal brome grass, is a hybrid grass species. As with all plants, diseases and pests can affect its growth and health. Here are some common diseases and pests that may affect Elymus ×pinaloensis and ways to manage them.
Common Diseases Affecting Elymus ×pinaloensis
Crown Rust: Crown rust is a fungal disease that can affect various grass species, including Elymus ×pinaloensis. The disease is characterized by the appearance of yellow to orange pustules on the leaves, stems, and spikes. These pustules can reduce the plant's photosynthesis ability and cause stunted growth. To manage crown rust, plant resistant varieties, keep the area around the plant clean and free of debris to reduce the risk of infection, and apply fungicides as needed.
Leaf Rust: Another fungal disease that may affect Elymus ×pinaloensis is leaf rust. This disease is characterized by small, yellow-orange pustules that appear on the leaves of the plant. It is more common in areas with high humidity and temperature. To manage the disease, plant resistant varieties, avoid overcrowding the plants, and apply fungicides as needed.
Common Pests Affecting Elymus ×pinaloensis
Aphids: Aphids are small insects that feed on the sap of plants, including Elymus ×pinaloensis. They are usually found on the underside of leaves or at the base of the plant. Signs of aphid infestation include yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and the presence of a sticky substance on the leaves. To manage aphids, use insecticides, introduce natural predators such as ladybugs, or spray the plant with a mixture of water and dish soap.
Cutworms: Cutworms are the larvae of certain species of moths. They are nocturnal and feed on the stems of young plants, cutting them off at the base. Signs of cutworm infestation include wilting plants and missing stems. To manage cutworms, use insecticides, apply a physical barrier such as a cardboard collar around the plant, or handpick the larvae at night.
By implementing these disease and pest management techniques, growers can help maintain the health and productivity of their Elymus ×pinaloensis plants.
