Origin and Common Names
Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Gould ssp. lanceolatus, commonly known as the thickspike wheatgrass, is a perennial grass native to North America. It has a wide distribution range, from Alaska to Mexico, and from the Pacific coast to the Great Plains. The plant is also known by other common names, including slender wheatgrass, lanceleaf wheatgrass, and mountain wheatgrass.General Appearance
The thickspike wheatgrass is a cool-season grass that grows up to 3 feet (1 meter) tall. It has long, narrow, flat leaves that are deep green in color and can grow up to 0.5 inches (1.3 centimeters) wide. The plant has a dense and extensive root system that can reach depths of up to 6 to 8 feet (1.8 to 2.4 meters) that makes it well adapted to the dry, arid environments of its natural habitat. The spikelets are large, up to 1.5 inches (3.8 centimeters) long, with a single, plump seed.Uses
The thickspike wheatgrass is a valuable forage crop for livestock and wildlife, as it has high nutritional content and is palatable. It is also planted for erosion control, soil stabilization, and reclamation of disturbed lands. It is commonly used in rangeland improvement programs and is well-suited for dryland farming. Additionally, the plant is popular among gardeners and landscapers for its ornamental value, owing to its striking appearance and ease of maintenance.Growth conditions for Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Gould ssp. lanceolatus
Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Gould ssp. lanceolatus, commonly known as the thickspike wheatgrass, is a perennial bunchgrass native to the North American Great Plains and Intermountain West. It is a highly adaptable species and can grow in a variety of soil types and climatic conditions.
Light requirements
Elymus lanceolatus is a sun-loving species and requires full exposure to sunlight to thrive. It can tolerate partial shade but will grow best when given enough light. It is common to find thickspike wheatgrass growing in open areas such as grasslands, meadows, and prairies.
Optimal temperature
Elymus lanceolatus is a cool-season grass and grows best in areas with a mean annual temperature between 5°C to 21°C (41°F to 70°F). It can tolerate extreme temperatures, including occasional drought, but will grow more vigorously in cooler temperatures. Winter temperatures as low as -43°C (-45°F) do not cause any harm to the plant.
Soil requirements
Elymus lanceolatus is a hardy species that can grow in a wide range of soil types. However, it does best in well-drained soils with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Soil that is alkaline or salty should be avoided as they may affect the growth of the plant. The species requires moderate to high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for optimal growth. It can tolerate drought conditions but prefers soils that are moist.
Cultivation of Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus
Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus, commonly known as thickspike wheatgrass, is a native plant in most part of the United States. This plant thrives best in well-drained soils and areas with full sun exposure. If you are planning to cultivate this plant outdoors, it is advisable to sow the seeds in early or late spring. However, if you are planting this plant indoors, you may start the seedlings earlier.
Before planting, it is essential to prepare the soil by tilling it and removing any weeds or other plants that may compete with this grass for nutrients. The seedlings should be spaced at 1-2 feet apart to ensure adequate room for growth.
Watering Needs of Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus
Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus requires moderate watering especially during the first few months of growth after germination. The plant is drought tolerant and can survive in dry conditions, but it is advisable to water it regularly to help establish firm roots and increase the chances of survival.
If you are cultivating this plant in a hot arid area, ensure that you water it more often, at least twice a week, and reduce the watering frequency in cooler months or regions.
Fertilization of Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus
Fertilization of Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus is essential to enhance its growth and production. It is advisable to apply a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer twice a year or every six months to achieve the best results.
If you realize that your plant is not growing as required, it could be an indication of inadequate fertilization. In such cases, you may apply additional fertilizer and monitor the response. However, avoid over-fertilization, as this could lead to excessive growth, which might be detrimental to the overall survival of the plant.
Pruning of Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus
Pruning of Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus is not necessary since it is a self-sustaining plant that can grow without intervention. However, if you encounter pests or diseases on your plant, it is advisable to remove the affected parts by pruning them off to control the spread of the issue.
Ensure you use sterile pruning tools to avoid contaminating your plant. Also, remember to clean the pruning tools after each use to prevent the spread of plant diseases or pests from one plant to the other.
Propagation of Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus:
Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus, commonly known as thickspike wheatgrass, can be propagated through various methods such as seed propagation, vegetative propagation using rhizomes, and tiller transplantation.
Seed Propagation:
Seed propagation is the most commonly used method for propagating Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus. The seeds of this plant should be sowed in a well-prepared seedbed during the fall or early spring. The seedbed must have well-drained soil, and the seeds should be covered with a thin layer of soil to provide protection and retain moisture. The plant will germinate in about 7-21 days.
Vegetative Propagation:
Vegetative propagation can also be used to propagate Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus. This method involves separating lateral roots or rhizomes from the mother plant and planting them in a new location. The separated rhizomes should be grown in a well-prepared seedbed until the plant has established enough roots to be transplanted into a field or garden.
Tiller Transplantation:
Tiller transplantation is another method used to propagate Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus. This method involves digging up a small section of the plant along with the tillers and planting them in a new location. The tillers should be planted in a well-prepared seedbed and kept moist until the plant is established.
Disease and Pest Management for Elymus lanceolatus
Elymus lanceolatus, commonly known as thickspike wheatgrass, is a hardy grass species originating from North America. While it is known for its ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions, it is not immune to certain diseases and pests. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect Elymus lanceolatus and ways to manage them.
Diseases
Fusarium Crown Rot: Fusarium fungi are known to attack the root system of Elymus lanceolatus, resulting in crown rot, which can lead to plant death. To manage this disease, it is important to use disease-free seed and ensure proper crop rotation. Additionally, avoid overwatering and planting in poorly drained soil.
Rust: Rust is a fungal disease that causes orange or yellow spots on the blades of grass. If left unchecked, it can cause the grass to weaken and eventually die. To manage this disease, it is important to remove infected plants and debris and apply a fungicide if necessary. Additionally, avoid planting Elymus lanceolatus in areas with high humidity or where air circulation is poor.
Pythium Root Rot: Pythium is a water mold that attacks the roots of Elymus lanceolatus. Symptoms include stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and plant death. To manage this disease, it is important to avoid overwatering and ensure proper drainage. Additionally, using a fungicide can help to prevent the spread of the disease.
Pests
Grasshoppers: Grasshoppers are a common pest that can cause significant damage to Elymus lanceolatus. They feed on the blades of grass, resulting in reduced growth and yield. To manage this pest, it is important to remove plant debris and maintain proper plant nutrition to promote healthy growth. Additionally, using insecticides can help to control grasshopper populations.
Wireworms: Wireworms are the larvae of click beetles and can cause significant damage to the roots of Elymus lanceolatus. Symptoms include stunted growth and plant death. To manage this pest, it is important to use disease-free seed and avoid planting in areas with a history of wireworm infestation. Additionally, using a pesticide can help to control wireworm populations.
Elymus lanceolatus is a hardy grass species that can withstand extreme environmental conditions. However, it is still susceptible to certain diseases and pests. By following proper disease and pest management techniques, it is possible to ensure the long-term health and productivity of Elymus lanceolatus crops.
