Eleusine Indica (l.) Gaertn. Var. Intermedia Chiov.

Overview

Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. var. intermedia Chiov., commonly known as Wiregrass or Crowfootgrass, is a perennial grass native to Africa, but has since been introduced to much of Asia, Europe, Australia, and the Americas. It is an invasive weed that thrives in disturbed areas such as agricultural fields, gardens, and roadsides.

Appearance

Wiregrass is a densely tufted grass that can grow up to 70 cm tall. Its leaves are long and narrow, measuring up to 15 cm in length and 1 cm in width. The leaf blades and sheaths are covered in dense hairs, giving them a rough texture. The inflorescence is a spike-like panicle that can measure up to 15 cm in length. The flowers are arranged in pairs along the branches of the panicle.

Uses

Wiregrass is considered a weed and is not typically used for its medicinal or nutritional properties. However, some reports suggest that the plant may have potential as a source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial and antifungal properties. Additionally, in some regions, Wiregrass is used as forage for livestock, although it is not very palatable.

Overall, Wiregrass is an aggressive weed that can quickly overrun fields, gardens, and other disturbed areas. It is important to manage its spread and prevent it from establishing in new areas.

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Light Requirements

Eleusine indica var. intermedia grows best under full sunlight. It can tolerate partial shade but may not reach its full growth potential without sufficient sunlight. In indoor environments, it should be placed near a bright window or under a grow light providing at least six hours of direct light.

Temperature Requirements

The plant prefers warm environments and thrives in temperatures between 68 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit (20 to 30 degrees Celsius). It can tolerate cooler temperatures but growth may slow down. The minimum temperature advised for growing Eleusine indica var. intermedia is no lower than 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celsius).

Soil Requirements

Eleusine indica var. intermedia prefers well-draining soils that are slightly acidic to neutral. The plant can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy and loamy soils. The optimal pH range is between 5.0 and 7.5. Soil should be moist but not waterlogged as this can lead to root rot. Fertilizer can be added to the soil during the growing period to provide additional nutrients for the plant.

Cultivation Methods

Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. var. intermedia Chiov., commonly known as Indian Goosegrass, is a hardy plant that can be easily grown in various soil types. This plant requires ample sunlight for its growth. It is recommended to sow the seeds during spring or summer on well-drained soil. Eleusine indica prefers a pH between 6.0 and 7.5.

Watering Needs

The Indian Goosegrass requires moderate watering, depending on the weather conditions and the soil type. It is essential to avoid waterlogging and underwatering of the plant, as both can negatively impact the growth and health of the plant. The plant should be watered thoroughly once a week.

Fertilization

Regular fertilization is essential for the healthy growth of Eleusine indica. It is recommended to apply a nitrogen-rich fertilizer every month throughout the growing season. However, care should be taken not to over-fertilize, as this can lead to the accumulation of salts in the soil.

Pruning

The Indian Goosegrass requires minimal pruning. However, it is recommended to remove the dead or damaged leaves and stems regularly. It is also recommended to mow the lawn to a height of 2 to 3 inches to encourage healthy growth. The timing and frequency of mowing may vary depending on the region and the climate.

Propagation of Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. var. intermedia Chiov.

Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. var. intermedia Chiov., or common name Smooth Crabgrass, is a warm-season annual grass that can be propagated through different methods.

Seed Propagation

The primary mode of propagation for Eleusine indica is through seeds. Seeds should be sown in fertile soil in the spring to early summer (May-June) at a depth of ¼ inch. Keep the soil moist, but not saturated, until the seeds germinate, which should take 7 to 10 days. The seeds can also be started indoors earlier in the season, but the transplants must be hardened off before planting outside.

Vegetative Propagation

Eleusine indica can also be propagated vegetatively, mainly through stolons. Stolons are horizontal stems that grow on or below the surface of the soil. Cut a mature stolon and then place it in a potting medium. Continuously moisten the potting medium until roots have sprouted and leaves have grown. Transplant once the secondary roots have fully matured.

Disease Control

To avoid disease problems during propagation, fresh seeds should be used, and containers or soil should be disinfected to destroy pathogens. Avoid exposing the seedlings to cold conditions, which can inflict some level of injury, leading to its death. The propagation trays should be kep clean to avoid disease buildup.

Disease Management

Eleusine indica, or commonly known as goosegrass, is susceptible to a number of diseases. The most common ones are:

Leaf Spot

Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes small, circular spots to appear on the leaves. These spots are typically brown in the center with reddish-purple margins. To manage this disease, it is important to remove infected leaves and debris from around the plant. Fungicide may also be used, but in moderate amounts to avoid any plant damage.

Root Rot

Root rot is a disease caused by fungi that thrive in waterlogged soil. The first sign of root rot is yellowing of the leaves. To manage this disease, avoid overwatering the plant and make sure that the soil has good drainage. Use of fungicides can also be done, but in a moderate amount as it may cause damage to the root system.

Pest Management

Eleusine indica is susceptible to damages from pests. Some common pests that affect this plant include:

Flea Beetle

Flea beetles are tiny insects that feed on the leaves. They create small, round holes in the leaves and can cause severe damage. To manage this pest, make sure that the plant is healthy and use insecticides. Use of pheromone traps can also be helpful in controlling the population of flea beetles.

Spider Mites

Spider mites are small arachnids that are difficult to see with the naked eye. They feed on the leaves and create a fine webbing on the plant. The first sign of spider mites is discoloration of the leaves. To manage this pest, use of insecticides and regular spraying of water on the leaves can be helpful in controlling the population of spider mites.