Origin and Common Names
Elephantorrhiza elephantina (Burch.) Skeels var. burkei (Benth.) Merr. is a perennial plant native to South Africa. It is commonly known as the Elephant's Root or Olifantswortel in Afrikaans.General Appearance
The Elephant's Root is a large, herbaceous plant that can grow up to 2 meters in height. It has a thick, fleshy root that resembles an elephant's foot, hence the common name. The leaves are compound and pinnately divided, with large leaflets that are distinctly toothed. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, with a pale pink or white color, and appear in clusters on the ends of the stems.Uses
The Elephant's Root has a long history of use in traditional medicine. The root is used to treat a variety of ailments, including stomach problems, respiratory infections, and skin conditions. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. In addition, the plant is used to make a tea that is believed to have a calming effect and aid in digestion. In modern times, the Elephant's Root is also cultivated as an ornamental plant, particularly for its large and unusual root system. It is often grown in large containers or as a focal point in a garden.Light Requirements
Elephantorrhiza elephantina var. burkei requires full sunlight exposure in order to thrive. It is important to ensure that the plant receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight every day. In conditions of partial shade, the plant tends to become leggy and produces fewer flowers.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is well adapted to hot and dry climates. It can tolerate high temperatures ranging from 20-35°C. However, it is sensitive to frost and cannot survive in regions with temperatures below 0°C.
Soil Requirements
Elephantorrhiza elephantina var. burkei grows well in well-draining soils. It prefers sandy or loamy soils that are rich in organic matter. The pH level of the soil should be slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0-7.5). The plant is also tolerant of moderately saline soils, making it suitable for cultivation in coastal areas.
Cultivation Methods
Elephantorrhiza elephantina var. burkei can be easily grown indoors or outdoors in a well-draining soil mix. Choose a location with partial shade to full sun exposure for best growth. This plant can also tolerate dry conditions and high temperatures, making it an ideal choice for xeriscaping. It is also important to note that the plant can grow up to 1.5 meters tall and around 1 meter wide, so ensure it has ample space to grow larger.
Watering Needs
When it comes to watering this plant, it thrives in well-drained soil and should never sit in water. Watering should be done regularly but sparingly. The soil should be allowed to dry out slightly between watering. In hotter and drier climates, it is important to moisten the soil more frequently, but never to let the soil become water-logged.
Fertilization
Fertilizing Elephantorrhiza elephantina var. burkei can be done to encourage better growth and flowering. A balanced fertilizer with a 10:10:10 ratio can be used every two months during the growing season, which is late spring and summer. Fertilization can stop in early fall, and start again in late winter when the plant begins to grow.
Pruning
Pruning can be done to maintain the shape of the plant, encourage more branching and bushiness, and to remove any dead or diseased growth. Alternatively, deadheading the spent flowers can prevent the plant from using energy to produce seeds and instead focus on new growth. Pruning can be done at any time of the year but is typically done in late winter to early spring.
Propagation of Elephantorrhiza elephantina var. burkei
Elephantorrhiza elephantina var. burkei is a perennial herb commonly found in South Africa. Propagation of this plant can be done through various methods such as:
Seed propagation
Seeds of Elephantorrhiza elephantina var. burkei can be collected from the mother plant during the fruiting season and sown in pots or seed trays filled with well-draining soil. The seeds are usually sown at a depth of 1-2 cm and kept moist. Germination of the seeds usually starts after 14 days, and after which, the seedlings can be transplanted into bigger pots or directly planted in the ground.
Division
Division involves separating the mother plant into smaller pieces, and planting them separately. This method is done during the early stages of growth when the plant is just starting to sprout. The plant is carefully dug up and divided into smaller clumps using a sharp knife or spade. The divided clumps can then be replanted in the ground or potted in well-draining soil.
Cutting propagation
Propagation of Elephantorrhiza elephantina var. burkei can also be done through stem cuttings. Cuttings are usually taken during the active growing season and should be at least 10 cm in length. The lower leaves are then removed, and the stem is dipped in rooting hormone powder before planting in well-draining soil. The cutting is then kept moist and out of direct sunlight until new shoots start to emerge.
Regardless of the propagation method used, Elephantorrhiza elephantina var. burkei requires regular watering and fertilization for healthy growth.
Disease Management
One of the most common diseases that affect Elephantorrhiza elephantina var. burkei is root rot caused by various soil-borne fungi. This disease is typically characterized by wilting, yellowing, and eventual death of the plant. To manage this disease, it's important to avoid overwatering and ensure proper drainage. Infected plants should be removed and destroyed immediately to prevent the spread of the disease.
Another disease that can affect this plant is powdery mildew. This fungal disease can cause a white, powdery coating on the leaves, which can eventually lead to leaf drop. To manage this disease, ensure proper circulation and avoid overcrowding of plants. Fungicides can also be used to control powdery mildew.
Pest Management
Aphids and spider mites are common pests that can attack Elephantorrhiza elephantina var. burkei. These pests suck the sap from the plant and can cause deformities, stunted growth, and discoloration. To manage these pests, regular monitoring is essential. Infected plants can be treated with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Caterpillars can also be a problem for this plant, specifically the larvae of the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). These pests can cause extensive damage to the foliage, leading to stunted growth and reduced yield. To manage caterpillars, handpicking infected plants and using biological control methods such as introducing natural predators can be effective.
