Origin
Eleocharis vivipara Link, also known as the Water Spike Rush, is native to South America, specifically Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana.
Common Names
Aside from Water Spike Rush, Eleocharis vivipara also goes by the following names:
- Viviparous spike-rush
- Spike-edge
- Tufted spike-rush
- Ranunculus family
General Appearance
The Eleocharis vivipara is a perennial, aquatic herb that belongs to the Cyperaceae family. The plant can grow up to 20-30 cm in height and 2-3 cm in width. Its leaves are light-green, thin, thread-like, and clustered, with a length of up to 20 cm.
Water Spike Rush has a cylindrical stem with the color of light green. The stem is capable of producing adventitious plantlets, called viviparous plants, which can root a few centimeters away from the parent plant. These plants can form dense carpets that provide hiding places for small fish and invertebrates.
Uses
The Eleocharis vivipara is a popular choice in the aquascaping industry. Its dense bushy appearance can add a layer of realism to a planted aquarium. Additionally, with its ability to form a dense carpet, it can be helpful in preventing soil erosion in aquatic environments. With the plant's filament-like leaves, it can provide a place of refuge for small aquatic animals. The plant's ability to absorb excess nutrients can enhance water quality and prevent the growth of algae.
Light Requirements
Eleocharis vivipara requires moderate to high light. In an aquarium, it should be placed where it can receive at least 8 hours of light per day. If grown in low light, it will grow slowly and may lose its color, while too much light can cause algae growth.
Temperature Requirements
Eleocharis vivipara thrives in temperatures between 68°F and 82°F (20°C – 28°C). It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, but fluctuations should be avoided for optimal growth. If grown at lower temperatures, growth will be slow, and at higher temperatures, it may melt and die.
Water Quality
Eleocharis vivipara requires clean water with a pH between 6.5 and 7.5. It can tolerate slightly acidic to slightly alkaline water, but extreme levels should be avoided. It prefers soft to moderately hard water, with a dKH between 3 – 8 and dGH between 4 – 12.
Soil Requirements
Eleocharis vivipara doesn't have strict soil requirements and can be grown in different substrates. However, it prefers sandy or gravely substrates that are rich in nutrients. A nutrient-rich substrate will help the plant to grow healthy and green. It will also promote the growth of runners and daughter plants.
Cultivation Methods
Eleocharis vivipara is a popular aquatic plant that can be easily cultivated in both aquariums and ponds. This plant is native to North America and requires moderate to high lighting and a nutrient-rich substrate to grow well. You can propagate Eleocharis vivipara by dividing the plant runners and replanting them in the substrate.
Watering Needs
Eleocharis vivipara thrives in a submerged environment and requires continuous access to clean water. Ensure that the water pH levels are within 6.0-7.5 and the water is not too hard. It's best to change around 25-30% of the water in aquariums and ponds weekly, to prevent algae growth and maintain water clarity.
Fertilization
Eleocharis vivipara requires regular fertilization to grow and remain healthy. The plant needs a good supply of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It's important to use a suitable aquatic fertilizer containing these nutrients, and ensure you follow the manufacturer's instructions. Over-fertilizing can lead to algae growth, so be careful not to exceed the recommended doses or frequency of application.
Pruning
Eleocharis vivipara can grow long runners that can extend several inches or more. To prevent overcrowding or tangling, it's advisable to prune or trim the plant regularly. Pruning also helps to stimulate new growth and promote healthy plant development. Use sharp scissors or pruning shears to cut the runners close to the substrate, and remove any dead or yellowing leaves to maintain the plant's appearance.
Propagation of Eleocharis vivipara Link
Eleocharis vivipara is a popular aquatic plant among hobbyists due to its unique growth habit, which involves the development of plantlets on the tip of its inflorescence. Propagation of this plant can be accomplished through a variety of methods including:
Propagation by Division
Division involves separating parent plants into smaller portions, each with its roots and leaves, which can be planted independently. This method is effective for Eleocharis vivipara and can be done during routine plant maintenance. Simply use a sharp pair of scissors or a blade to cut through the parent plant, making sure each portion has an adequate amount of leaves and roots. The new portions can then be planted in the aquarium substrate, where they will continue to grow and propagate.
Propagation by Plantlets
Eleocharis vivipara produces plantlets at the tips of its inflorescence, which can be used for propagation. To propagate using plantlets, wait until they form roots and then detach them from the parent plant using a sharp pair of scissors or a blade. Plant the plantlets in the substrate and wait for them to establish new roots. The new plants will then continue to grow and produce their own plantlets.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings involves taking a stem cutting from the parent plant and planting it in the substrate. To take a cutting, use a clean pair of scissors to cut a section of the stem, making sure it has at least one node. Plant the cutting in the substrate and wait for it to establish roots. The new plant will then continue to grow and propagate.
Propagation by Seeds
Propagation of Eleocharis vivipara can also be achieved through planting its seeds. Seeds can be found at the base of the parent plant, and it usually takes up to 3 months for them to ripen. Once ripe, they fall to the substrate, and they can be collected and sown in a separate container or in the aquarium substrate. After sowing, make sure to maintain good lighting and nutrient levels to ensure the seeds germinate and grow into healthy plants.
Overall, Eleocharis vivipara is easy to propagate, and it's a great plant to have in the aquarium. Whether you're using division, plantlets, cuttings, or seeds, the plant will readily propagate with minimal effort.
Disease and Pest Management for Eleocharis vivipara Link Plant
Eleocharis vivipara Link is a hardy plant that is resistant to most diseases and pests. However, under certain conditions, it may be affected by some pests and plant diseases. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant, and ways to manage them:
Diseases
1. Foliar blight: Foliar blight causes the leaves of the plant to turn yellow and eventually die. It is caused by high humidity and poor air circulation. To prevent foliar blight, ensure good air circulation by thinning out the plant and spacing them correctly. Use healthy water to water the plant, avoid splashing the leaves while watering and avoid high humidity.
2. Root rot: Root rot is caused by over-watering, lack of drainage and poor soil quality. The roots begin to rot and the plant starts to wilt and eventually die. To prevent root rot, ensure proper drainage of water, moderate the water supply and use high-quality soil that allows proper aeration and drainage.
Pests
1. Snails and slugs: Snails and slugs feed on the plant's leaves and stem, and may cause damage to the plant. To manage snails and slugs, create a barrier around the plant with copper foil or sprinkle coffee grounds or eggshells around the plant to discourage them from getting near the plant. Handpicking them is also effective.
2. Aphids: Aphids suck the sap from the stems and leaves of the plant, causing the plant to wilt and turn yellow. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a mixture of water and dish soap, and remove heavily infected areas. Using ladybugs, which are natural predators of aphids, can also be helpful.
3. Mealybugs: Mealybugs feed on the sap of the plant and produce a white powdery substance. They are usually found in the crevices of the leaves or near the roots. To manage mealybugs, brush the infected areas gently with a soft-bristled brush dipped in alcohol or insecticide.
By taking proactive measures, it is possible to prevent and manage the diseases and pests that may affect Eleocharis vivipara Link plant.
