Eleocharis calocarpa Cherm. var. calocarpa Overview
Eleocharis calocarpa Cherm. var. calocarpa, also known as stout spikerush or thick fruit spikerush, is a perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the Cyperaceae family. It is native to North America and can be found from Alaska to Newfoundland and down to the northeastern United States.
General Appearance
Stout spikerush has a dense, tufted growth habit and can reach a height of 30-80 cm. The stems are cylindrical, thick, and stout, with dark green leaves that are reduced to sheaths at the base of the stem. The plant produces spiky brown flowers from the center of the tuft in the summer to early fall.
Common Names
In addition to stout spikerush and thick fruit spikerush, Eleocharis calocarpa Cherm. var. calocarpa also goes by the common names of blunt spike-rush, marsh spike-rush, and creeping spike-rush.
Uses
Stout spikerush is often used for wetland restoration and erosion control due to its extensive root system. It also provides habitat for waterfowl and other wetland wildlife. The plant has been used in traditional medicine for conditions such as diarrhea, dysentery, and kidney problems, although there is limited scientific evidence to support these uses.
Stout spikerush is also popular in the aquarium hobby as a plant that can tolerate submerged conditions. Its dense growth habit and attractive appearance make it an excellent option for creating a natural-looking underwater forest in an aquarium.
Light
Eleocharis calocarpa Cherm. var. calocarpa is commonly found in open freshwater environments with ample sunlight. As such, it requires moderate to high levels of light to grow properly.
Temperature
The plant thrives in temperatures ranging from 20 to 28°C (68-82°F). It has adapted to various seasonal temperature fluctuations, but sudden changes in temperature can be detrimental to its growth.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers nutrient-rich substrates that retain moisture, such as sandy loam and clay loam. The pH level of the soil should range from slightly acidic to neutral. It is important to note that Eleocharis calocarpa Cherm. var. calocarpa is a submerged plant, and its roots do not require soil. Instead, it absorbs nutrients through its leaves.
Cultivation Methods
Eleocharis calocarpa Cherm. var. calocarpa is a freshwater aquatic plant that is commonly found in Asia. It is an easy plant to cultivate and grow, and it can be grown in a variety of aquarium setups and in substrates of varying composition.
Propagation can be done by dividing the dense clumps that form at the base of the plant, or by planting its runners and rhizomes. This plant requires proper lighting and temperatures, and it is recommended to provide at least 2 watts per gallon of light intensity for optimal growth.
Watering Needs
Since Eleocharis calocarpa Cherm. var. calocarpa is a freshwater plant, it requires water that is free of chlorine and other harmful chemicals. The ideal water parameters are a pH between 6.5 and 7.5, with a temperature range of 70 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. This plant requires an adequate amount of water circulation to facilitate the exchange of gases and nutrients.
Fertilization
Eleocharis calocarpa Cherm. var. calocarpa can benefit from regular fertilization to promote growth and maintain healthy foliage. Nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus are essential nutrients. It is recommended to use a liquid fertilizer that contains these nutrients, and it should be used according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Adding CO2 can also boost the plant's growth and overall health. It is recommended to use CO2 injection systems that can regulate the amount of CO2 that is being delivered to the plant.
Pruning
Pruning Eleocharis calocarpa Cherm. var. calocarpa is a straightforward process. This plant grows rapidly, and it can become unmanageable if left unchecked. It is recommended to trim the plant regularly to maintain the desired size and shape.
Pruning can be done by trimming the tops of the plant using sharp scissors or trimming shears. It is important to avoid cutting the roots or rhizomes as this can damage the plant.
Trimmed foliage can also be removed by gently pulling it away from the base of the plant. This will help to maintain the plant's overall health and appearance.
Propagation of Eleocharis calocarpa Cherm. var. calocarpa
Eleocharis calocarpa Cherm. var. calocarpa, commonly known as tall spikerush, is a perennial sedge that is native to North America. It can be propagated through several different methods.
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagating Eleocharis calocarpa is through seed propagation. The seeds of the plant can be sown directly into the soil or started indoors and transplanted outdoors after the threat of frost has passed. The seeds should be kept moist and warm until they germinate, which can take anywhere from one to three weeks. Once the seedlings have emerged, they should be thinned to allow for proper spacing.
Division
Another method of propagating Eleocharis calocarpa is through division. Divide the clumps of mature plants in spring or early fall. Dig up the plant and gently separate the clumps into smaller sections, being careful to keep the roots intact. Replant the smaller sections at the correct depth, water well, and let grow in their new location.
Vegetative Propagation
Eleocharis calocarpa can also be propagated through vegetative means. Cuttings can be taken in the spring or early fall and planted in fresh soil. Keep the soil moist and the cuttings in a warm, sunny location until they root and begin to grow. This method is not as reliable as others, but it is worth a try if other methods are not successful.
Remember, Eleocharis calocarpa Cherm. var. calocarpa can quickly spread and take over an area under the right conditions. Be mindful of where you plant it and make sure to give it enough room to grow.
Disease Management
Eleocharis calocarpa is prone to fungal and bacterial infections, especially when grown in damp conditions. Some common diseases that may affect the plant include:
- Pythium Root Rot: This disease is caused by the fungus Pythium. It results in brown, slimy roots and stunted growth. To manage this disease, avoid overwatering and ensure the plant has good drainage.
- Brown Patch: Brown patch is a fungal disease that causes circular brown patches on the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage this disease, remove and dispose of infected plant material and improve air circulation around the plant.
- Bacterial Wilt: This disease causes wilting and browning of the leaves. It's caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. To manage this disease, remove and dispose of infected plant material and avoid overwatering.
It's important to practice good sanitation when growing Eleocharis calocarpa. This includes disinfecting tools and containers before use and removing and destroying any infected plant material.
Pest Management
While Eleocharis calocarpa doesn't attract many pests, there are a few to watch out for:
- Aphids: These small insects suck the sap from the plant and can cause stunted growth. To manage infestations, use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Spider Mites: These tiny pests feed on the plant's leaves and cause yellowing and webbing. To manage infestations, use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Snails and Slugs: These pests can eat the plant's leaves and stems. To manage infestations, remove them by hand or use iron phosphate baits or copper barriers to deter them.
It's important to monitor the plant regularly for signs of infestation and to manage any pests promptly to prevent them from causing damage.
