Origin
Elaphoglossum piloselloides (K. Presl) T. Moore, commonly known as the hairy-tongue fern, belongs to the family Dryopteridaceae and is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Central and South America, including Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru.
Common Names
This fern has several common names, including the hairy-tongue fern, velvet fern, fuzzy fern, and pilose elaphoglossum.
Uses
The hairy-tongue fern is grown mainly as an ornamental plant due to its attractive appearance. It is a popular choice for indoor gardening and can be grown in pots or hanging baskets. It is also used in terrariums and as a ground cover in shady areas. Some indigenous communities in South America have used the leaves of this fern to stop bleeding and as a natural remedy for digestive issues.
General Appearance
The hairy-tongue fern has a distinctive appearance, with long, narrow, and hairy fronds that can grow up to 60cm in length. Its foliage is a dark green color, and the underside of the fronds is covered in fine, soft hairs, giving it a velvet-like texture. The fern does not grow flowers, and instead reproduces by spores produced on the undersides of its fronds. Overall, Elaphoglossum piloselloides is a unique and fascinating plant that can add texture and interest to any indoor or outdoor space.
Light Requirements
Elaphoglossum piloselloides requires a moderate amount of filtered to bright indirect light to grow optimally. It cannot tolerate direct sunlight for long periods and should not be exposed to full sun. It grows well in areas that receive partial or dappled shade throughout the day.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the growth of Elaphoglossum piloselloides is between 60°F to 75°F (15.5°C to 24°C). This fern cannot tolerate temperatures below 50°F (10°C) for extended durations and may begin to suffer frost damage. At warmer temperatures, it requires adequate moisture to prevent drying out.
Soil Requirements
Well-draining soil is imperative for the growth of Elaphoglossum piloselloides. The soil should be rich in organic matter, humus, and nutrients. As a terrestrial fern, it requires soil that is moist but not waterlogged. Adding compost or other organic matter will aid in maintaining soil moisture. Elaphoglossum piloselloides prefers soil that is slightly acidic, with a pH range between 5.0-6.5.
Cultivation Methods for Elaphoglossum piloselloides
When it comes to the cultivation of Elaphoglossum piloselloides, it is crucial to mimic the natural growing conditions of the plant as closely as possible. This species is a tropical fern that thrives in humid environments, so it is recommended to grow it indoors or in a greenhouse with some level of humidity control. The best soil for this plant should be well-draining and rich in organic matter.
This fern is capable of growing in bright light conditions but prefers partial shade. Therefore, it is advisable to place it in a location with indirect sunlight or use a shade cloth if it gets exposed to long hours of direct sunlight. The ideal temperature range for this plant is between 60 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
Watering Needs of Elaphoglossum piloselloides
Proper watering is vital to keep Elaphoglossum piloselloides healthy. This fern does not like to dry out completely, so it is essential to maintain soil moisture levels without over-watering. It is recommended to water the plant when the top layer of soil feels dry to the touch.
When watering, ensure that the water drains out entirely to prevent waterlogging. Misting the leaves of the fern regularly will also help in keeping the humidity level in check.
Fertilization of Elaphoglossum piloselloides
Fertilization is recommended during the growing season (spring and summer) to promote healthy growth. This fern prefers organic fertilizers, and compost tea or slow-release fertilizers can be applied every two to three weeks to the soil.
However, be cautious and avoid over-fertilizing, which can cause salt buildup in the soil.
Pruning of Elaphoglossum piloselloides
Pruning is not necessary for Elaphoglossum piloselloides, but removing dead or damaged fronds is recommended to keep the plant looking neat and tidy. It is also advisable to remove any yellow leaves as soon as possible to avoid the risk of fungal infections.
If the fern outgrows its pot, it can be divided and repotted into a larger container. Ensure that the new potting mix is nutritionally rich and offers proper drainage.
Propagation of Elaphoglossum piloselloides
Elaphoglossum piloselloides can be propagated through spores or through division of the rhizomes. Both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Propagation through spores
Propagation through spores is a time-consuming method but is highly rewarding as it ensures genetic diversity. The first step in propagating Elaphoglossum piloselloides through spores is to collect the fronds that contain fully mature spores, which are usually found at the base of the plant.
The next step is to prepare a suitable medium for germination. A mixture of peat moss, perlite, and sand is a good option. The medium should be sterilized to prevent contamination. Once the medium is prepared, it should be placed in a container with a lid to maintain humidity.
Using a sterilized spatula, the spores should be spread evenly on the surface of the medium. The container should be placed in a bright location, but not in direct sunlight, and the temperature should be maintained at around 70°F. Germination will take several weeks.
Once the spores have germinated, they will develop into small plants called gametophytes, which should be transplanted into a new medium when they are large enough to handle. This medium should be kept moist, but not wet, and placed in a shaded location.
Propagation through division
Propagation through division is a simpler method and yields more immediate results. This method involves dividing the rhizomes of an established plant into smaller sections, each with its own set of leaves and roots.
The first step is to carefully remove the plant from its pot and gently shake off any excess soil to expose the rhizomes. The rhizomes can then be separated into smaller sections using a sharp, sterilized knife or pruning shears.
Each section should be potted in fresh, well-draining potting soil and kept in a shaded location until new growth appears. At this point, the plant can be gradually acclimatized to brighter light conditions.
Regardless of which propagation method is chosen, it is important to keep the new plants well-watered and maintain a high level of humidity until they are established.
Disease Management
Elaphoglossum piloselloides is susceptible to various fungal and bacterial diseases. The most common diseases that affect the plant are leaf spot, rust, and root rot. Leaf spot appears as circular brown spots on the leaves, while rust appears as orange or rust-colored spots on the undersides of the leaves. Root rot is caused by overwatering and results in the plant wilting and dying.
To manage leaf spot and rust, remove the affected leaves and destroy them. Avoid overhead watering, as this can spread the spores of these diseases. Instead, water the plant at soil level. Fungicides can be used to control severe infections.
To manage root rot, ensure that the plant is potted in well-draining soil and that the pot has drainage holes. Water the plant only when the top inch of soil is dry to the touch. Remove any affected roots and repot the plant in fresh soil.
Pest Management
Elaphoglossum piloselloides is generally not susceptible to pest infestations. However, it may occasionally be affected by spider mites, mealybugs, and scale insects. Spider mites and mealybugs appear as small white or brown specks on the undersides of leaves, while scale insects appear as small bumps.
To manage spider mites and mealybugs, wipe the affected leaves with a damp cloth or wash the plant with a steady stream of water. In severe cases, insecticidal soap can be used to control the infestation.
To manage scale insects, scrape them off the plant with a soft brush or cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. In severe cases, insecticidal soap or horticultural oil can be used to control the infestation.
