Overview
Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. var. alatum is a fern species belonging to the family Dryopteridaceae. It is known for its unique, wing-shaped fronds that give it its common name, the Winged Tongue Fern. This plant is native to tropical regions of South America, but it can now be found in other parts of the world as an ornamental plant.Common Names
This plant is commonly known as the Winged Tongue Fern, or in Spanish as Helecho Alado. In Brazil, it is known as Samambaia-de-parede, which translates to Wall Fern, due to its ability to grow on vertical surfaces.Appearance
The Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. var. alatum plant has a rhizomatic root system and grows in rosettes. Its foliage is evergreen and grows to approximately 40 cm in length and 20 cm in width. The fronds are dimorphous, meaning they have two different forms. The sterile fronds are shorter and wider, while the fertile fronds are elongated and thin. Branching from the frond's axis are the numerous lobes that create the fern's unique wing-like shape and give it its common name. The lobed edges of the fronds are slightly curled under, adding to the fern's distinctive appearance.Uses
Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. var. alatum is primarily used as an ornamental plant. Due to its unique appearance, it is commonly used in indoor plant arrangements, terrariums, and outdoor rock gardens. It can be grown successfully in a variety of environmental conditions, but it thrives in warm, humid environments and enjoys partial shade. This fern is easy to propagate through rhizome division, making it a popular choice for people looking to share their plant with others. In some parts of the world, the Winged Tongue Fern is used medicinally to aid in the healing of wounds or skin disorders.Light Conditions
Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. var. alatum requires bright, indirect sunlight for optimal growth. Excess exposure to direct sunlight can harm the plant. Therefore, the plant should be placed in a shaded area or a spot where it receives filtered light. Artificial light sources, such as fluorescent lights, can also be used to provide the necessary amount of light.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. var. alatum is between 18°C to 24°C. The minimum temperature range should not drop below 10°C, and the maximum temperature range should not exceed 30°C. Therefore, it is important to keep the plant in a location with controlled temperature, sheltered from both artificial and natural sources of cold and heat, and with adequate air circulation.
Soil Requirements
Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. var. alatum prefers well-draining, porous soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil pH level should be neutral to slightly acidic with a range of 6.0 to 7.0. A combination of sphagnum peat moss, perlite, and coarse sand is ideal for the plant's growth. The plant requires consistent moisture, and it should be watered when the soil's top layer is dry to the touch. Overwatering should be avoided, as the plant may become prone to root rot.
Cultivation Methods for Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. var. alatum
Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. var. alatum, commonly known as the Bird's Nest Fern, is a low-maintenance plant requiring minimal care and efforts. It is crucial when it comes to cultivation methods that the fern is grown in a stable and consistent environment.
The ideal temperature range for the fern is between 60-75°F. Indoor locations with moderate sunlight or partial shade and high moisture levels are perfect for the Bird's Nest Fern to thrive. It is vital to ensure that the soil is well-draining to avoid any water retention.
Watering Needs for Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. var. alatum
Overwatering is one of the most common problems when it comes to the Bird's Nest Fern. To avoid this, the plant's soil needs to remain moist but not wet. Consistency is key, and it is best to water the fern once a week thoroughly. This will promote healthy growth and prevent the plant from drying out.
The fronds of the fern should be misted occasionally as they prefer high humidity levels.
Fertilization for Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. var. alatum
The Bird's Nest Fern does not require frequent fertilization. However, it is necessary to fertilize the fern every six months during spring and summer. Use a balanced 10-10-10 liquid fertilizer, and avoid over-fertilization as it can lead to burning and damage to the roots.
Pruning for Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. var. alatum
The Bird's Nest Fern does not require much pruning, but occasional trimming of old fronds and dead leaves will help to maintain its appearance. Pruning also promotes new growth, ensuring that the fern remains healthy and thriving.
Propagation of Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. var. alatum
Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. var. alatum is a fern that can be propagated through two main methods: spores and division.
Propagation through spores
Propagating through spores is a cost-effective and easy alternative to division. The spores are produced in the sporangia located on the underside of the fronds. Once the spores mature, they are released and can grow into new plants. To propagate through spores, the following steps must be followed:
- Cut off the frond that has the mature sporangia
- Place the frond in a paper bag and let it dry for about a week
- Crush the frond in the paper bag to release the spores
- Spread the spores on a surface containing a rooting medium, such as peat moss or vermiculite, and keep it moist
- Cover the container with plastic wrap to maintain humidity
- Wait for the spores to germinate and form little ferns
- Transplant the little ferns to individual pots
Propagation through division
Propagation through division is a widely used alternative to grow new Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. var. alatum plants. The plant should be divided when it has outgrown its container or after a few years to renew the soil and promote growth. To propagate through division, the following steps must be followed:
- Remove the plant from its container
- Using clean pruning shears, divide the plant into sections
- Make sure each section has a few fronds and a healthy root system
- Plant each section in its individual container with fresh soil mix
Disease and Pest Management for Elaphoglossum alatum var. alatum
Elaphoglossum alatum var. alatum, commonly known as the Crested Elaphoglossum, is a fern species that doesn't have too many issues with pest and diseases. However, it is still important to keep an eye out for the following problems:
Pests
Spider Mites: These tiny pests can be challenging to spot, but they can cause considerable damage to the fern. Inspect the plants regularly and look for signs of damage such as stippling, yellowing, and webbing. You can control spider mites by spraying the plant with water to remove them, or use an insecticidal soap if the infestation is severe.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are another common pest that attacks ferns. They appear as small, white, fuzzy insects that can quickly infest and damage the plant. Like spider mites, you can control mealybugs with a strong stream of water or using insecticidal soap.
Slugs and snails: If you grow your Crested Elaphoglossum fern outside, slugs and snails can be a problem. These creatures often eat holes in the leaves, leaving your plant looking ragged. You can manage slugs and snails using slug bait or beer traps.
Diseases
Rust: Rust is a fungal disease that causes small, colored spots on the leaves. If left untreated, it can lead to yellowing and defoliation of the plant. To control rust, remove and destroy any damaged leaves and ensure good air circulation around the plant by not overcrowding it with other plants.
Fungal Leaf Spots: This fungal disease presents itself like tiny black or brownish spots on the leaves, which can result in leaf drop. Ensure that there is enough space between the plant and the other plants surrounding it, ensuring good air circulation. Try not to water the plant from the top, rather use drip irrigation to keep moisture levels consistent. If an infection occurs, remove and destroy the infected leaves and spray with a fungicide to prevent it from spreading further.
Overall, it is essential to inspect your Crested Elaphoglossum fern regularly to prevent pest and disease problems from getting out of hand. With proper care, these ferns can thrive in most indoor conditions with minimal issues.
