Description
Elaeodendron somalense Engl. ex Loes. is a multi-stemmed shrub or small tree that can grow up to 6 meters tall. The plant is part of the Celastraceae family and is native to East Africa, particularly in the regions of Somalia, Tanzania, and Kenya.
Appearance
This plant has a unique, striking appearance with a green-grey bark that is smooth to the touch. The leaves are small, lance-shaped, and grow in clusters at the ends of the branches. The tree produces small yellow or greenish-white flowers that have a fragrant scent, and these later turn into small, red or purple fruits that are consumed by local wildlife.
Common names
Elaeodendron somalense Engl. ex Loes. is known by several names in different regions. In Somalia, it is called "Qoraxeey," while in Tanzania, it is called "Mgambo." In Kenya, it is known as "Mgagagula."
Uses
The plant has several uses, primarily in traditional medicine. The roots and bark of the tree are used to treat a wide range of ailments, including stomach problems, fever, and coughs. Local communities also use the wood of the tree for fuel and to make traditional carvings used for decoration. This plant is also used in reforestation and landscaping due to its unique appearance and beneficial effects on the environment.
Growth Conditions for Elaeodendron somalense Engl. ex Loes.
Elaeodendron somalense Engl. ex Loes. is a drought-tolerant shrub or small tree that grows in semi-arid and arid regions of East Africa. It requires specific growth conditions to thrive.
Light Requirements
This plant species grows well in full sun to partial shade. Therefore, it requires at least six hours of direct sunlight every day. In areas with high temperatures, partially shaded locations protect the plant from excessive heat, which can cause leaf drop in severe cases.
Temperature Tolerance
Elaeodendron somalense Engl. ex Loes. is adapted to arid and semi-arid regions with high temperatures. This species' optimal temperature range for growth is between 25 and 40 °C. It, however, can survive temperatures as low as 5 °C without notable damages.
Soil Requirements
This plant species prefers well-drained, sandy soils that are rich in organic matter. Additionally, the soil needs to be slightly acidic to neutral, with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. Elaeodendron somalense Engl. ex Loes. grows well in soils with low nutrient content and low water retention capacity. Furthermore, it has a moderate salt tolerance and can grow optimally in saline soils.
Water Requirements
During the early growth stage, Elaeodendron somalense Engl. ex Loes. requires frequent watering as it has shallow roots. However, when mature, it can adapt to long periods of drought. This species can survive with an annual rainfall of about 200 to 400 mm.
Cultivation methods
Elaeodendron somalense, commonly known as the Somali yellowwood, can be propagated by seeds, stem cuttings, or suckers. The plant prefers well-draining soils and moderate sunlight. It can adapt to different soil types, including sandy soils, loamy soils, and fertile soils, as long as they are well-draining. It grows well in tropical and subtropical regions and can tolerate temperatures as low as 20°F (-6°C).
Watering needs
The Somali yellowwood requires moderate watering during the growing season. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. In the dormant season, reduce watering to allow the soil to dry out slightly before the next watering. The plant can tolerate short periods of drought, but prolonged drought can cause wilting and leaf drop.
Fertilization
Apply a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 or 20-20-20 formulation, during the growing season every two to three months. Use a slow-release fertilizer, or apply liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength, to prevent burning the roots. Additionally, amend the soil with organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, to improve soil fertility and structure.
Pruning
To maintain the shape and size of Elaeodendron somalense, prune the plant in late winter or early spring, before new growth emerges. Remove any dead or diseased branches, crossing branches, or branches that rub against each other. Prune back the tips of the branches to encourage lateral growth and bushiness. Avoid pruning too heavily, as it can reduce the plant's vigor and flowering.
Propagation of Elaeodendron somalense Engl. ex Loes.
Elaeodendron somalense Engl. ex Loes., commonly known as the Somali Yellowwood, can be propagated through several methods such as:
Seed propagation
The most commonly used method is seed propagation. The seedlings should be planted in a well-draining soil mix in a shaded location. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 1.5 cm and should be watered regularly. Germination usually takes 4-6 weeks, and the seedlings can be transplanted to their permanent location after they have grown to a height of 10-15 cm.
Cuttings propagation
Elaeodendron somalense can also be propagated through cuttings. Semi-hardwood cuttings are taken from the parent plant and should be at least 10 cm in length. The base of the cutting should be treated with rooting hormone and planted in a well-draining soil mix. The cuttings should be watered regularly and kept in a shaded area. After 6-8 weeks, the cuttings would have formed roots, and they can be transplanted to their permanent location.
Air layering propagation
Air layering is another method of propagating Elaeodendron somalense. In this method, a branch from the parent plant is wounded and wrapped in moist sphagnum moss. The area of the wound is covered with a plastic bag, and the moss is kept moist. After 2-3 months, roots will have developed, and the branch can be removed and planted in a well-draining soil mix.
It is important to note that Elaeodendron somalense grows best in well-draining soils and a shaded environment. Propagation should be carried out during the warmer months when the plant is actively growing.
Disease and Pest Management for Elaeodendron somalense Engl. ex Loes.
Elaeodendron somalense Engl. ex Loes. is a hardy plant that is resistant to many pests and diseases. However, like all plants, it is not immune to problems. Here are some common issues that may affect this plant and how to manage them:
Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affect Elaeodendron somalense is leaf spot. This fungal disease causes small brown spots to appear on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove infected leaves as soon as possible and dispose of them away from the plant. Avoid overhead watering, and keep the leaves dry as much as possible. Regularly apply fungicides specifically designed to control leaf spot.
Root rot is another disease that Elaeodendron somalense is susceptible to. This is caused by a fungus or soil-borne pathogens in poorly drained soil. To manage this, ensure that the plant is grown in well-draining soil. Moreover, avoid over-watering the plant, and limit soil disturbances around the roots that might lead to a fungal infection.
Pests
One of the most common pests that affect Elaeodendron somalense is spider mites. These tiny pests suck sap from the leaves, causing them to yellow and fall. To manage these pests, regularly spray the plant with a miticide solution. Avoid excessively wet soil or too dry soil because these conditions might lead to spider mites development.
Scale insects are another pest that may affect the plant. These insects are small and hard to detect because they attach themselves on the bark of the plant. They suck sap from the plant, causing the leaves to turn yellow and fall. To manage them, you can use natural predators such as ladybugs or parasitic wasps. You can also use horticultural oil or insecticidal soap to get rid of the pests.
In conclusion, Elaeodendron somalense is a hardy plant that can resist many pests and diseases. However, maintaining proper plant care practices is essential to prevent any potential problems. Regularly monitor your plantings to detect any problems early and take appropriate measures to manage them.
