Overview
Elaeodendron schlechteranum (Loes.) Loes. is a small tree in the family Celastraceae, native to tropical Africa and known by several common names including African soapberry, nachipo, and nkalati. It is a versatile plant that has multiple uses and benefits.
Description
Elaeodendron schlechteranum is a flowering evergreen tree that grows up to 10 meters tall. The bark is smooth and pale gray, and the leaves are green, glossy, and oval-shaped. The tree produces clusters of small, white, fragrant flowers that bloom from November to February, followed by spherical fruits that ripen from January to May. The fruits are green when unripe and turn yellow or red when ripe. They contain a hard seed coated with a yellow, fleshy pulp that is edible and has a soapy taste and smell.
Uses
Elaeodendron schlechteranum has various traditional and modern uses. The fruits are used to make soap, and the leaves, bark, roots, and fruits have medicinal properties used to treat various ailments such as cough, fever, malaria, and skin infections. The tree is also planted as an ornamental and shade tree, and the fruits are consumed by humans and wildlife, especially birds. The seeds are used to make jewelry, and the wood is used to make traditional musical instruments and carvings. The plant has potential for non-timber forest product development and bioprospecting.
Light Requirements
Elaeodendron schlechteranum requires full to partial sunlight exposure for optimal growth. The plant prefers bright light but can tolerate partial shade, especially during hotter months. It is essential to provide the plant with sufficient light for proper photosynthesis and overall growth.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows optimally at a temperature range of 20-30°C. Elaeodendron schlechteranum can tolerate high temperatures up to 35°C, but growth is negatively affected at temperatures below 20°C. The plant does not thrive in cold conditions and needs moderate temperatures for proper growth and development.
Soil Requirements
Elaeodendron schlechteranum thrives in fertile, loamy soil that is well-draining and slightly acidic with a pH range of 5.5-6.5. The plant performs best in soil that has been enriched with organic matter and has good moisture retention. It does not tolerate waterlogged or poorly-draining soils and requires regular watering during the growing season to maintain moist soil conditions.
Cultivation Methods
Elaeodendron schlechteranum is native to tropical Africa and requires a warm and humid environment to grow. The plant thrives in full sun or partial shade and can be grown in both open gardens and pots. It should be planted in rich, well-drained soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.0. The plant can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, or air layering, and it is essential to ensure that the soil is kept consistently moist during the propagation process.
Watering Needs
The plant requires regular watering, especially during hot and dry weather, to keep the soil consistently moist. It is recommended to water the plant at least once a week, and the frequency may increase depending on the temperature and humidity levels of the environment. It is important to avoid over-watering, as this can cause root rot and other fungal diseases. The watering frequency should be reduced during the plant's dormant period to prevent waterlogging.
Fertilization
Elaeodendron schlechteranum requires regular fertilization to maintain healthy growth. A balanced NPK fertilizer with a ratio of 2:1:1 or 3:1:2 is recommended, and it should be applied every two to three months during the growing season. The amount and frequency of the fertilizer should be adjusted based on the size and age of the plant. It is important to water the plant thoroughly after fertilization to prevent salt buildup in the soil.
Pruning
Regular pruning is essential to maintain the shape and size of the plant and to promote healthy growth. It is recommended to prune the plant during the dormant period to promote new growth. Dead, damaged, or diseased branches should be removed to prevent the spread of diseases. The plant can be shaped by selectively pruning the tips of the branches, and excessive growth can be reduced by thinning out the branches. It is essential to use clean and sharp pruning tools to prevent damage to the plant.
Propagation of Elaeodendron schlechteranum (Loes.) Loes.
Elaeodendron schlechteranum (Loes.) Loes., commonly known as the African bluewood, is a woody plant that belongs to the family Celastraceae. Propagation of this plant is typically done through cuttings or seeds.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation of Elaeodendron schlechteranum through cuttings is one of the most common methods. Cuttings should be taken from mature, healthy plants during the early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Take cuttings that are 4-6 inches long, preferably with some leaves intact. Remove the lower leaves and dip the bottom end of the cutting in rooting hormone. Place the cutting into a pot with a well-draining soil mix, and place it in a warm, shaded area. Water the cutting regularly and mist the leaves to keep them hydrated.
After 4-6 weeks, roots should begin to form, and the cutting can be transplanted into a larger pot or directly into the ground.
Propagation by Seeds
Propagation of Elaeodendron schlechteranum through seeds is also possible, although this method can take longer to produce a mature plant. It is best to collect seeds from a mature plant in the fall or early winter.
Soak the seeds in water overnight to soften the hard outer shell. Plant the seeds in a pot with well-draining soil mix, burying them about one inch deep. Water the seeds regularly, and keep the pot in a warm, shaded area.
After several weeks, the seeds should begin to sprout, and the seedlings can be transplanted into larger pots or directly into the ground when they are strong enough.
Disease and Pest Management for Elaeodendron schlechteranum
Elaeodendron schlechteranum, commonly known as the velvet shield tree or umPhafa, is generally a hardy plant that is resistant to disease and pests. Nevertheless, proper plant care measures are necessary to ensure its continued health and vitality.
Common Diseases
The most common disease affecting the velvet shield tree is root rot caused by excessive watering or poor drainage. The fungus attacks the plant's roots, leading to the plant's decline and eventual death. Symptoms of root rot include yellowing, wilting, and dropping of leaves, stunted growth, and a dark, mushy stem near the soil line.
To manage root rot, ensure that the plant has proper drainage. Avoid planting the tree in poorly-drained areas or in heavy clay soil. Always water the tree at its base and avoid splashing water on its leaves or stem. Also, avoid overwatering; ensure that the soil is dry before watering and that excess water drains from the container or ground. If root rot has already set in, you may need to transplant the tree to new, well-draining soil.
Common Pests
Elaeodendron schlechteranum is generally resistant to pest infestations. However, aphids, mealybugs, and scale insects may occasionally attack the plant, leading to infestation. These tiny pests suck sap from the leaves, causing them to curl, yellow, and drop off prematurely. The tree may also show signs of honeydew secretion, which attracts ants and sooty mold.
To manage pest infestations, ensure that the plant is located in well-ventilated areas. Regular pruning and removing of dead or infected plant parts can also help prevent pest infestation. You can also use natural predator insects or insecticidal soap sprays to control the pests. Always follow the instructions on the insecticidal soap to avoid damaging the plant.
Conclusion
Proper plant care is necessary for the continued health and vitality of Elaeodendron schlechteranum. Adequate soil drainage, minimal watering, proper location, and regular pruning are essential for preventing disease and pest infestation. Always monitor the plant for disease and pest symptoms, and take immediate measures to manage any infestation.
