Overview
Edgeworthia psammophila (Chiov.) Bremek. var. psammophila is a shrub that belongs to the Thymelaeaceae family. It is native to Africa and can be found in countries such as Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda. The plant is known for its fragrant flowers and interesting bark texture, making it a popular choice for ornamental gardens and landscaping projects.
Appearance
The Edgeworthia psammophila shrub can grow up to 2 meters tall, with a spread of approximately 1.5 meters. The plant has a dense, rounded shape and a multi-stemmed habit. The bark of the shrub is smooth, gray, and fissured, with an interesting texture that adds to its ornamental value. The leaves of the plant are large, leathery, and oval-shaped, with a glossy green color and slightly hairy texture. The flowers of the Edgeworthia psammophila shrub are the most distinctive feature, with fragrant, fluffy clusters of yellowish-white blooms that appear in late winter or early spring.
Common Names
The Edgeworthia psammophila shrub has a few common names that vary depending on the region. In Ethiopia, it is known as Chew Medicinal Plant, while in Tanzania, it is called Kabasakama. In Uganda, the plant is referred to as Mutyizi.
Uses
Edgeworthia psammophila has several uses in traditional medicine. The plant is known to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat various ailments, such as skin infections, toothaches, and stomach problems. The bark of the shrub is also used to make ropes, baskets, and mats due to its smooth and flexible texture. In addition to its medicinal and practical uses, the Edgeworthia psammophila shrub is often grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and public spaces due to its attractive appearance and fragrant flowers.
Light requirements
Edgewothia psammophila grows well in full sunlight and partial shade. However, it is important to ensure that the plant receives at least six hours of direct sunlight per day to ensure proper growth and flowering.
Temperature requirements
The ideal temperature range for Edgewothia psammophila growth is between 15°C-30°C (59°F-86°F). Plants grown in temperatures below 10°C (50°F) may not survive. The plant is generally hardy and can survive freezing temperatures if the soil is well-drained.
Soil requirements
Edgewothia psammophila requires well-drained, nutrient-rich soil to thrive. It prefers loamy soils that are slightly acidic with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. The plant does not tolerate waterlogged soil, so it is essential to ensure that the soil has adequate drainage to prevent waterlogging. The soil should also be kept moist but not overly wet.
Cultivation methods for Edgewothia psammophila (Chiov.) Bremek. var. psammophila
Edgewothia psammophila (Chiov.) Bremek. var. psammophila is a hardy, deciduous shrub found growing in rocky hillsides, scree, and among boulders. For best results, it should be grown in full sun or partial shade in well-drained soil. It is best to plant it in the fall, so the roots have enough time to establish themselves before the winter.
Watering needs for Edgewothia psammophila (Chiov.) Bremek. var. psammophila
Edgewothia psammophila (Chiov.) Bremek. var. psammophila needs deep and infrequent watering. Its soil should be kept evenly moist, but not too wet. It is better to water it in the morning or evening to prevent evaporation during the hottest part of the day. During the colder months, it requires less water.
Fertilization for Edgewothia psammophila (Chiov.) Bremek. var. psammophila
Edgewothia psammophila (Chiov.) Bremek. var. psammophila does not require a lot of fertilizer but can benefit from an application of a balanced slow-release fertilizer in the spring. It is recommended to avoid fertilizer with high nitrogen content as it can promote leaf growth instead of flowers.
Pruning for Edgewothia psammophila (Chiov.) Bremek. var. psammophila
Edgewothia psammophila (Chiov.) Bremek. var. psammophila needs little pruning. It can be pruned immediately after flowering to control its shape and size. Dead, damaged, and diseased branches can be removed at any time.
Propagation of Edgeworthia psammophila
Edgeworthia psammophila can be propagated through various methods such as seed, division, layering, and cuttings. The following are the propagation methods:
Propagation by Seed
Seed propagation is the most common method of propagating Edgeworthia psammophila. Sow fresh seeds in well-draining soil mix and keep the soil moist until germination. Germination usually occurs after 4-6 weeks. Once the seedlings develop their secondary leaves, transplant them into small pots containing a mixture of sand and peat. Seed propagation is typically carried out in the spring, as the temperature rises above 15°C.
Propagation by Division
Edgeworthia psammophila can also be propagated by division, which involves separating the plant's roots. This method is best carried out in the spring or fall when the plant is dormant. Dig up the entire plant, wash away soil from the roots, and separate them into smaller clumps with a sharp knife. Plant the divided clumps in a well-draining soil mixture, water thoroughly and place it in a cool and shaded area until they establish.
Propagation by Layering
Layering involves burying a portion of a plant in the soil to encourage rooting while still attached to the parent plant. This method can be used to propagate Edgeworthia psammophila by selecting healthy and flexible stems with no flowers in April. To carry out this method, bend one of the lower branches of the plant to the ground and keep it in place using wire. Place a rooting hormone on the exposed portion of the stem, cover it with the soil, water thoroughly, and keep the soil moist while the root develops. Once roots are visible, usually within three months, cut the new plant from the parent plant with a sharp knife, then transplant to a proper container or ground.
Propagation by Cuttings
Cuttings taken in June from semimature stems of Edgeworthia psammophila can produce new plants.' Semi-mature stem cuttings of about 10-15cm can be taken and dipped in rooting hormone then planted in a mixture of soilless medium that provides proper drainage. Rooting occurs within three weeks, and the newly formed plant should be potted using a standard potting mix. Place the newly planted cutting in an area that receives partial light while keeping the soil moist.
Disease Management
Edgewothia psammophila is generally a disease-resistant plant. However, under certain conditions, it may be susceptible to the following diseases:
- Leaf spot: This disease is caused by the fungus Cercospora edgeworthiae. It causes small, circular spots to develop on the leaves, which eventually merge and cause the leaves to yellow and drop prematurely. To manage leaf spot, remove infected leaves and destroy them. Avoid overhead watering, and ensure adequate spacing between plants to promote good air circulation.
- Root rot: This disease is caused by the fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi. It causes the root system to rot, making the plant susceptible to wilting and eventual death. To manage root rot, avoid overwatering the plant and ensure good drainage. Fungicides may also be used, but prevention is the best option.
Pest Management
Edgewothia psammophila is generally not susceptible to pest attacks. However, the following pests may occasionally be a problem:
- Spider mites: These pests are common in hot, dry conditions and can cause leaves to yellow and drop prematurely. To manage spider mites, mist the leaves regularly to increase humidity and use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the pests.
- Scale insects: These pests appear as small, immobile bumps on the stems and leaves. They feed on the sap of the plant, causing leaves to yellow and drop prematurely. Scale insects can be managed by physically removing them with a cloth soaked in rubbing alcohol, or by using insecticidal soap or neem oil.
