Overview of Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum
Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum, also known as the Tree Echium or Pride of Madeira, is a flowering plant that belongs to the Boraginaceae family. This plant is native to the Macaronesia region of the Atlantic islands of Madeira, the Azores, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde. It can also be found in some parts of Portugal, Spain, and France.
Appearance of Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum
Tree Echium is a large evergreen shrub that can grow up to 5 meters tall. It has a woody base with numerous branches that are covered in grayish-green leaves. The leaves are lance-shaped and have a rough texture. From mid-spring to early summer, this plant produces tall spikes of showy, purplish-blue flowers that attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. The flowers are followed by small, black, nut-like fruits which are not edible.
Uses of Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum
The tree echium is commonly grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks, especially in areas with a Mediterranean climate. It is also used in landscaping as a hedge or screen. The flowers of tree echium are used in the production of perfumes due to their pleasant fragrance. The leaves and bark of this plant have been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as coughs, wounds, and skin disorders.
Notably, the plant has been found to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are toxic, making it not suitable for consumption or cosmetic use.
Overall, Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum is a beautiful plant that is both useful and attractive.Light Requirements
Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum typically grows in full sun, meaning it requires at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. It can grow in partial shade but may become leggy and not flower as well. Therefore, it is best to plant this species in a location that receives full sun.
Temperature Requirements
Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum is a hardy plant that can tolerate high temperatures but prefers cooler climates. It can grow in temperatures ranging from 10-30°C (50-86°F), with optimal growth occurring between 15-25°C (59-77°F). This species can tolerate occasional frost but may suffer damage from extended periods of cold temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum prefers well-draining soil with good fertility. It can grow in a range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils, provided they are well-draining. This species can tolerate slightly alkaline to slightly acidic soils, with a pH range of 6.5-7.5 being ideal. It is recommended to incorporate organic matter into the soil to improve fertility and drainage.
Cultivation Methods
Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum, also known as tree echium, is a hardy plant that can grow in a variety of soil types. It prefers well-draining soil and full sunlight. This plant is a perennial and can be propagated from seeds or cuttings.
When planting, ensure that the soil is moist and that the planting hole is twice the size of the root ball. Backfill the hole with soil and water the plant thoroughly. Mulch the base of the plant to conserve moisture and reduce weed growth.
Watering Needs
Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum requires moderate watering. Overwatering can cause root rot and lead to the death of the plant. Water the plant deeply once a week during the growing season and reduce watering in the winter.
Ensure that the soil is moist but not waterlogged. Check the soil moisture regularly by inserting your finger into the soil up to the first joint. If the soil feels dry, it's time to water the plant.
Fertilization
Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum does not require frequent fertilization. If the soil is nutrient-poor, fertilize the plant with a balanced fertilizer in the spring. Avoid fertilizing in the fall or winter.
Apply the fertilizer around the base of the plant and water thoroughly. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions when using fertilizers and do not over-fertilize as this can cause damage to the plant.
Pruning
Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum should be pruned regularly to encourage bushy growth and remove dead or damaged branches. Prune the plant in the late winter or early spring before new growth appears.
Use sharp pruning shears to make clean cuts and avoid tearing the branches. Cut back the plant by up to a third of its size to encourage new growth. Remove any dead or damaged branches completely.
Prune the plant lightly throughout the growing season to control its shape and size. Avoid pruning too much or too often as this can weaken the plant and reduce its overall health.
Propagation of Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum
Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum, commonly known as "Tree Echium" or "Pride of Madeira," is a flowering shrub native to the Madeira and Canary Islands. Propagating this plant is relatively easy, and it can be done in several ways, including:
Seed Propagation
Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum can be grown from seed. To propagate using seeds, sow them in well-draining potting soil and keep them moist. It is advisable to sow the seeds in spring or early fall to ensure the best conditions for growth. The seeds should be sown at a depth of around 6 mm, and the soil temperature should be kept between 18-24°C. Germination typically takes between 10-20 days, depending on temperature and other growth conditions.
Vegetative Propagation
Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum can also be propagated vegetatively. The most common method of vegetative propagation is through stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken during spring or autumn from stems that are around 10 cm to 15 cm in length. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone powder before planting in a well-draining potting mix. Place the pot in a warm, sunny location, and keep the soil moist. Roots should develop within 4-6 weeks.
Division
Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum can also be propagated by dividing the mature plant. The best time to do this is during early spring. Carefully dig up the plant, and separate the roots and foliage into smaller sections. Each section should have some roots and foliage. Replant the sections in well-draining soil, water it well, and place it in a sunny location. Avoid planting too deep to prevent root rot.
Disease Management
Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum can be affected by fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and phytophthora root rot. These diseases can be managed by practicing good sanitation by removing and destroying any infected plant parts. Applying fungicides may also provide control, but it is important to choose a fungicide that is specific for the disease present and apply it according to the label instructions.
Pest Management
Several pests can attack Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum, including spider mites, mealybugs, and aphids. These pests can be managed by regularly inspecting plants for signs of infestation and removing any affected plant parts. Beneficial insects such as ladybugs and lacewings can also be introduced to control pest populations. Applying insecticidal soap or horticultural oil can also help manage pest populations, but it is important to follow label instructions and avoid applying during hot or windy conditions.
