Origin
Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. var. howei L. Benson is a cactus species that is native to southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It is specifically found in the states of Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Chihuahua.
Common Names
The common names for Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. var. howei L. Benson include Howe's hedgehog cactus, Texan king cactus, and Engelmann's hedgehog cactus.
Appearance
Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. var. howei L. Benson is a small cactus that grows to a height of 2-8 inches and a width of 2-6 inches. It has a spherical shape, and its stem, which is covered in radial spines, can have a diameter of up to 4 inches. The stem is green in color and is covered in numerous bumps or tubercles where the areoles are located. From the areoles, the cactus produces pink to magenta flowers, which are about 2-3 inches in diameter.
Uses
Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. var. howei L. Benson is a popular ornamental plant due to its striking appearance and ability to thrive in hot and dry environments. It is commonly grown in rock gardens, containers, and xeriscapes. The flowers also attract pollinators, making it a valuable addition to any garden. However, it is important to note that this plant is protected in certain parts of its native range, and should not be removed or disturbed in the wild.
Light Requirements:
Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. var. howei L. Benson is a sun-loving plant that demands plenty of natural light for optimal growth. These cacti do best when placed in a bright, sunny location where they can receive at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. Inadequate light can result in weak and spindly growth, and the plant may produce fewer flowers or no flowers at all.
Temperature Requirements:
This plant is native to deserts and rocky areas, so it can tolerate high temperatures during the day. However, Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. var. howei L. Benson prefers cool nights and can withstand temperatures down to 20°F (-6°C). They can also grow well in regions with mild winters, making them an ideal houseplant. Protect them from high levels of humidity as this may cause rot and fungal diseases.
Soil Requirements:
Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. var. howei L. Benson requires well-draining soil for optimal growth. Any standard commercial potting mix for cacti is suitable. The potting mix needs to have low levels of organic matter, with high levels of sand, perlite, or vermiculite. These cacti require a pH level between 6.0 and 7.5. You can add coarse sand or pumice to increase aeration and drainage.
Cultivation methods
Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. var. howei L. Benson is a perfect plant to grow indoors or outdoors, depending on the climate in your area. If grown indoors, make sure to place the cactus in a location that receives bright, indirect light. If you prefer to grow it outdoors, ensure that you plant it in well-draining soil and a location that receives plenty of sunlight.
Watering needs
Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. var. howei L. Benson cactus prefers to be kept dry, so you should avoid over-watering it. During the summer, when temperatures are high, water the cactus once every two to three weeks. In winter, when temperatures are lower, watering should occur once a month. Make sure to check the soil's dryness before watering.
Fertilization
In its natural habitat, this cactus grows in nutrient-deficient soil. Therefore, you don't need to fertilize it often. During the growing season, you can feed the cactus once a month with a balanced cactus fertilizer. Apply the fertilizer at half strength to avoid over-fertilization, which can harm the plant.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for this cactus. However, you can pinch off the top of the growth to encourage lateral branching and produce a bushier appearance. Be careful when handling it, as its spines and glochids can easily attach to clothing or skin.
Propagation of Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. var. howei L. Benson
Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. var. howei L. Benson is a slow-growing but hardy cactus plant that can propagate through various methods. The plant can be propagated from seeds, cuttings, and offsets, making it a versatile option for growers who want to expand their collection.
Propagation from Seeds
Propagation from seeds is the most common method of growing Echinocereus engelmannii from scratch. It is advisable to use commercial-grade cactus soil mixed with river sand for planting seeds. Seeds should be planted during the warm seasons. The ideal temperature ranges from 60-65 degrees Fahrenheit, which can promote germination. To increase the success rate, seeds should be kept evenly moist, in a sheltered spot, and away from direct sunlight. It can take up to two weeks for the seeds to germinate.
Propagation from Cuttings
Propagating Echinocereus engelmannii from cuttings is an easy and effective way to create new plants. Cuttings should be taken from healthy plants, preferably in the early summer. The bottom end of the cutting should be left to dry and callus over for a few days. Once the cut end has dried sufficiently, the cutting can be planted in well-draining soil preferably mixed with sand. The cutting can be watered lightly until new growth appears.
Propagation from Offsets
Echinocereus engelmannii can produce offsets or pups from its base area. Offsets are clones of the parent plant and can be separated when they have developed sufficient roots and top growth. Separation should take place during the growing season, with the pup gently pulled away from the parent plant. The newly separated pup can be immediately potted in well-prepared soil and watered regularly to promote rooting.
Disease and Pest Management for Echinocereus Engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. var. howei L. Benson
Echinocereus engelmannii var. howei is a hardy cactus species and generally resistant to many diseases and pests. However, it is still vulnerable to some problems that can affect its growth and health. Proper care and maintenance help prevent these issues, but timely intervention is necessary to control them.
Common Diseases
Root rot is a common fungal disease that affects many cactus species, including Echinocereus engelmannii. It is caused by overwatering or poor drainage, leading to the accumulation of excess moisture and the growth of fungi. Symptoms include a soft and discolored base, yellowing or wilting of stems, and eventual death.
Another fungal disease that can attack Echinocereus engelmannii is anthracnose. Anthracnose can cause dark brown or black spots on the stems and leaves, leading to tissue decay and death. Overwatering and overhead watering can promote the spread of the disease.
Pest Management
While Echinocereus engelmannii is not commonly affected by pests, some species can still attack the plant, causing significant damage.
Spider mites are tiny pests that are commonly found on cacti. They can cause foliage discoloration, damage, and even defoliation. To manage spider mite infestation, try using a forceful stream of water to dislodge them from the plant. Introducing natural predators like ladybugs can also be an effective means of control.
Mealybugs can also be problematic on cacti. These pests are soft-bodied, worm-like creatures that feed on plant sap and excrete a sticky substance that attracts other pests. They can cause stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage mealybugs, apply a solution of neem oil and water, rubbing alcohol, or insecticidal soap to the affected areas.
Regular inspection of the plant can help identify problems early on before they become severe. Avoid overwatering and provide good air circulation to reduce the risk of disease and pest infestation. If the problem persists, consult a professional or a local agricultural extension office for further advice.
