Origin:
Dubautia ciliolata, commonly known as Kiawe `ula, is native to the Hawaiian islands. It is found on the islands of Oahu, Molokai, and Maui in subalpine dry shrubland habitats.
Common Names:
Aside from Kiawe `ula, the plant is also known as Dubautia, Hoawa `ula, and Naenae.
General Appearance:
Dubautia ciliolata is a small shrub that can grow up to 3 feet in height. It has many branches which may grow at right angles from the stem. The leaves are narrow and long, with margins that are curled under or rolled, and covered with tiny hairs on both sides, giving it a bluish-gray appearance. It has yellow flowers that bloom in the summer which are about 0.5 inches in diameter. The fruits are small capsules that contain many tiny seeds.
Uses:
In traditional Hawaiian medicine, the flowers and leaves of Dubautia ciliolata were used to treat various ailments such as stomach pains, coughs, and colds. The plant was also used as a purgative and to induce vomiting. Nowadays, Dubautia ciliolata is primarily grown as an ornamental plant for its attractive foliage and flowers. It is a great addition to any garden or landscape as a drought-resistant shrub that can tolerate direct sunlight and various soil types.
Light Requirements
Dubautia ciliolata requires full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. The plant thrives best in areas that receive at least 6 hours of sunlight per day. Inadequate light may lead to stunted growth or abnormal development of leaves, flowers, and stems.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the growth of Dubautia ciliolata is between 60°F and 80°F (15°C to 27°C). This species can tolerate a moderately wide range of temperatures, but it is not frost-tolerant and may fail to thrive in extremely cold or hot temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Dubautia ciliolata prefers well-draining soils that are moderate to rich in organic matter. This species can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, or clayey soils. The soil pH should be acidic to neutral, typically ranging from 5.0 to 7.0, but this may depend on the specific conditions of the growing site.
Cultivation Methods
Dubautia ciliolata, commonly known as Na`ena`e kuahiwi, is a shrub that grows naturally in subalpine shrublands and mesic to wet forests in Hawaii. It is a hardy plant that can withstand extreme temperatures and humidity levels, making it easy to cultivate. To grow Dubautia ciliolata successfully, plant it in well-draining soil, preferably a mix of sand, rocks, and loamy soil. It is best to plant the shrub in a spot that receives full or partial sunlight.
Watering Needs
Dubautia ciliolata requires regular watering, especially during the dry season. The plant can tolerate wet conditions, but it is essential to ensure that the soil is not waterlogged. Water the plant at the base to prevent water from splashing on the leaves, which can cause fungus or leaf rot. Avoid overhead watering, especially during the late afternoon or evening, as this may encourage disease or pest infestation.
Fertilization
Like all plants, Dubautia ciliolata requires nutrients to grow. Fertilize the plant regularly with a balanced fertilizer, preferably one with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or 16-16-16. Fertilize the shrub during the growing season, which is usually from spring to fall. Avoid overfeeding the plant as this may cause fertilizer burn, which can damage or kill the plant.
Pruning
Pruning is critical to maintaining the health of Dubautia ciliolata. Regular pruning helps to remove dead or damaged branches, encourage new growth, and maintain the shape of the shrub. Prune the plant in late fall or early winter after it has finished blooming. Use sharp and sterile pruning shears to avoid injuring the branches. Cut just above the node or leaf to prevent it from becoming a stub that may invite diseases or insects. Avoid pruning more than one-third of the plant's height to prevent damage or stress.
Propagation of Dubautia ciliolata
Dubautia ciliolata is a rare flowering plant that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Propagation of the plant is crucial for its conservation and preservation. There are several methods of propagation that can be used for Dubautia ciliolata.
Seed Propagation
One of the most common methods of propagating Dubautia ciliolata is through seed propagation. Seeds are collected from ripe fruits and then cleaned to remove any debris. The seeds can then be sown in a well-draining potting mix and covered lightly with soil. The pot can be placed in a shaded area and watered regularly until the seedlings emerge.
Cuttings
Cuttings are another method of propagating Dubautia ciliolata. Stem cuttings can be taken from mature plants and treated with rooting hormone before being stuck into a well-draining growing medium. The cuttings should be kept in a shaded area and watered regularly until they produce roots and new growth.
Division
Division can be an effective method of propagating Dubautia ciliolata. The plant can be carefully dug up and divided into smaller sections. Each section should have roots and at least a few stems. The divided sections can then be replanted in a well-draining potting mix and watered regularly until they establish.
Grafting
Grafting is another method of propagating Dubautia ciliolata, but it is less commonly used. It involves joining a scion of Dubautia ciliolata to the rootstock of another plant that is more vigorous and disease-resistant. The success rate of grafting Dubautia ciliolata is low and requires an experienced propagator.
Whichever method is used, it is important to care for the new plants carefully until they become established. Dubautia ciliolata requires well-draining soil, partial shade, and regular watering.
Disease and Pest Management for Dubautia Ciliolata
Dubautia ciliolata, commonly known as Na'ena'e, is a shrub species that is endemic to Hawaii. This plant is vulnerable to various pests and diseases, which can impact its health and survival. Therefore, it is important to understand the common diseases and pests that affect this plant and ways to manage them effectively.
Common Diseases
Dubautia ciliolata is susceptible to fungal diseases, such as rust, powdery mildew, and leaf spot. These diseases usually occur in humid conditions or when the plant is stressed. Rust appears as orange or brown spots on leaves, while powdery mildew creates a white, powdery coating on leaves. Leaf spot, as the name suggests, causes spots or discoloration on leaves.
Pest Management
Dubautia ciliolata is also vulnerable to various types of pest infestations. The most common pests that affect this plant are aphids and scales. Aphids are tiny, pear-shaped insects that suck the sap out of the plant, leading to stunted growth and distorted leaves. Scales, on the other hand, are small and flat, and they typically appear as bumps on the leaves or stems of the plant.
Management Strategies
To manage fungal diseases, it is important to keep the plant healthy and stress-free. This can be achieved through proper watering, fertilization, and pruning. If a disease outbreak occurs, it may be necessary to use fungicides to control the spread of the disease. For pest infestations, introducing natural predators, such as ladybugs or lacewings, can help control the population of pests. In severe cases, the use of insecticides may be necessary to eradicate the pests. However, it is essential to choose insecticides that are safe for the plant and do not harm beneficial insects such as bees and butterflies.
In conclusion, the key to managing diseases and pests in Dubautia ciliolata is to maintain a healthy and stress-free environment for the plant. Proper care and regular monitoring can go a long way in preventing outbreaks and ensuring the long-term survival of this endemic species.
