Description:
Dryopteris subincisa (Willd.) Urban, commonly known as Incurved Shield Fern, is a fern species belonging to the family Dryopteridaceae. This plant is native to Asia, including Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan. It is a perennial fern that grows up to 1 meter in height, forming a clump of upright fronds that are bipinnately compound.
Appearance:
The Incurved Shield Fern has fronds that are lanceolate in shape, with a length of 50 to 70 cm. The fronds are pinnate, with 16 to 25 pairs of pinnae. The pinnae have a thin texture and a glossy, dark green color. The fronds of the fern are erect, spreading, and slightly curved inwards. The plant's rhizome is short and has a brown color, while the stipe is covered with tiny scales.
Uses:
Dryopteris subincisa has several uses, primarily for ornamental purposes. The fern's attractive appearance makes it a popular choice for landscaping and indoor decoration. It is an easy-to-grow and low-maintenance plant that can tolerate various soil types as long as they are moist and well-drained. Additionally, this plant is also used in traditional Chinese medicine for its potential anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities.
Cultural significance:
In Japan, Dryopteris subincisa is known as "Tsushima-godaicho," referring to the fern's habitat on Tsushima Island. The plant is considered a local specialty and is designated as a natural monument by the Japanese government. Tsushima-godaicho is a popular sightseeing spot on the island, attracting tourists who come to see the plant's beautiful foliage.
Growth Conditions of Dryopteris subincisa (Willd.) Urban
Light: Dryopteris subincisa grows well in partial to full shade. Direct sunlight can damage the leaves of the plant and slow down its growth. It is recommended to place the plant in an area where it can get at least 4 hours of indirect light per day.
Temperature: This plant species prefers a cool and moist environment, with an optimal temperature range of 12-22°C (54-72°F). The plant may survive in slightly higher temperatures, but it is not recommended to subject it to temperatures above 27°C (80°F).
Soil: Dryopteris subincisa grows best in well-draining, moist soil that is rich in organic matter. It thrives in soils with a pH range of 5.5-7.0. It is recommended to amend the soil with organic matter such as compost or leaf litter to improve its moisture retention capacity. Additionally, the soil should not be allowed to dry out completely as it can have adverse effects on the growth of this plant.
Water: Regular watering is important for the growth of Dryopteris subincisa. The plant prefers to be kept moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other diseases. Watering heavily one to two times per week is usually sufficient, but this may vary depending on temperature and humidity.
Fertilizer: Fertilizing is not required for this plant species, as it can extract enough nutrients from the surrounding soil. However, a light application of balanced fertilizer once per month during the growing season can help improve the plant's overall health and growth.
Cultivation Methods
Dryopteris subincisa (Willd.) Urban, commonly known as subincised wood fern, is a hardy plant that can tolerate various soil types and lighting conditions. It grows well in partial to full shade and prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The ideal temperature range for this plant is between 15-30°C, and it can be propagated through spores or rhizome division.
Watering Needs
When it comes to watering, Dryopteris subincisa requires moderate to frequent watering, depending on the season and the soil's moisture level. During the growing season, this fern needs to be watered regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. In contrast, watering should be reduced during the dormant season to avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
Fertilization is a vital aspect of growing healthy Dryopteris subincisa plants. This fern thrives in fertile soils rich in organic matter, so opting for organic fertilizers is the best choice. Fertilize the plant every 4-6 weeks during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer. Alternatively, you can apply a slow-release fertilizer at the beginning of the growing season, which can sustain the plant's nutrient needs throughout the growing period.
Pruning
Pruning is not often necessary for Dryopteris subincisa. You can remove any dead or yellowing fronds from the plant by cutting them at the base with sharp, sterile shears. It is recommended to avoid cutting healthy fronds as they provide nutrition to the plant. The best time to prune the fern is during the dormant season when it is not actively growing.
Propagation of Dryopteris subincisa (Willd.) Urban
Dryopteris subincisa (Willd.) Urban, commonly known as Autumn fern, is a perennial plant that belongs to the family Dryopteridaceae. It is a great addition to any garden or landscape because of its attractive, deep-green, and intricately cut foliage that turns a beautiful shade of copper in fall.
Propagation Methods
Dryopteris subincisa can be propagated through spores or by division.
Propagation by Spores
The easiest and most common way to propagate Dryopteris subincisa is through spores. The best time to collect spores is when the plant starts to release them, which is usually in late summer to early autumn. Here are the steps to propagate Dryopteris subincisa using spores:
- Collect spores from the fern by cutting a frond that has developed spores and placing it in a paper bag to let the spores dry.
- When the spores have dried, sow them onto a bed of sterile, moist peat moss.
- Cover the container with plastic or glass to maintain humidity.
- Place the container in a warm and bright location, but away from direct sunlight.
- Monitor the container, and when the spores have germinated and developed into small ferns, transplant them into individual pots or on prepared soil.
- Keep the soil moist, and place the ferns in a shaded area for the first year of their growth.
Propagation by Division
Dryopteris subincisa can also be propagated through division. However, you must do this method with utmost care, avoiding damaging the delicate fern roots. You can perform the propagation every two to three years during spring. Here are the necessary steps:
- Using a sharp, sterilized tool, divide the clump into two or more sections. Ensure that each section has enough roots and clumps with mature fronds.
- You can then plant each section on adequately prepared soil or in individual pots.
- Keep the soil moist and place the newly propagated plants in a shaded area to prevent excessive transpiration.
With proper care and attention, Dryopteris subincisa propagated through spores or division will thrive and add beauty to your garden or landscape.
Disease and Pest Management for Dryopteris Subincisa (Willd.) Urban
Dryopteris subincisa (Willd.) Urban, commonly known as Japanese wood fern, is a popular fern species that can grow up to 3 feet tall. While these plants are generally hardy, they can still be affected by a range of diseases and pests. Here are some common issues to look out for and how to deal with them.
Diseases
Black Spot: This fungal disease appears as black or brown spots on the fronds. It can spread quickly and cause defoliation if left untreated. To manage black spot, remove affected fronds and dispose of them away from the plant. Improve air circulation by spacing plants out and avoiding overhead watering. You can also use a fungicide to control the disease.
Rust: This fungal disease appears as rust-colored spots on the fronds and can cause defoliation if left untreated. To manage rust, remove affected fronds and dispose of them away from the plant. Water the ferns at the roots, avoiding overhead watering as this can promote disease spread. You can also use a fungicide to control the disease.
Bacterial Blight: This disease appears as brown spots on the fronds. It can cause defoliation and stunt growth. Unfortunately, there is no cure for bacterial blight, but you can manage it by removing affected fronds and disposing of them away from the plant. Avoid overhead watering and instead water the ferns at the roots to prevent the spread of the bacteria.
Pests
Slugs and Snails: These pests can leave holes in the fronds and eat away at the ferns. To manage slugs and snails, handpick them off the ferns. You can also place copper tape around the base of the fern, as they do not like to cross it. Alternatively, you can use a slug bait to control their numbers.
Spider Mites: These pests are tiny and difficult to spot. They suck the sap from the ferns, causing them to become weak and stunted. To manage spider mites, use a hose to wash them off the fronds or use a miticide to control their numbers. Be sure to follow the instructions on the product label.
Aphids: These pests can distort and curl the fronds and cause the fern to become weak. To manage aphids, use a strong jet of water to wash them off the fronds. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control their numbers.
By following these tips, you can keep your Dryopteris subincisa (Willd.) Urban healthy and free from pests and diseases. If you notice any persistent problems, contact a professional for further advice.
