Origin
Dryopteris austriaca (Jacq.) Woynar ex Schinz & Thellung var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Morton, also known as the intermediate shield fern, is a species of fern native to North America, specifically the eastern and central regions of the United States. It can be found growing in moist, shaded areas such as woodlands, forests, and along streams.
Common Names
This species of fern is commonly referred to as the intermediate shield fern, but it also goes by several other names including:
- Evergreen wood fern
- Thelypteris intermedia
- Northern wood fern
- Oreopteris intermedia
- Wood fern
Appearance
The intermediate shield fern is a relatively small fern, growing to a maximum height of 2 feet. It has a few rough, brownish-colored scales at the base of each frond, and each frond is made up of numerous lance-shaped, leathery leaflets that are mid-green in color. The leaves are arranged in a symmetrical pattern and are more crowded towards the base of the stalk.
Uses
Dryopteris austriaca (Jacq.) Woynar ex Schinz & Thellung var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Morton is not commonly used for medicinal purposes; however, it is often grown as an ornamental plant due to its attractive, symmetrical arrangements of leaves. Additionally, it is an excellent plant for providing habitat and shelter for wildlife such as birds and small mammals.
Growth Conditions of Dryopteris austriaca var. intermedia
Dryopteris austriaca var. intermedia is a fern species that is commonly known as the intermediate wood fern. This plant is native to North America and is commonly found growing in damp woods and along streams and rocky cliffs.
Light Requirements
The intermediate wood fern requires partial shade to full shade for optimal growth. Too much direct sunlight can damage the plant's fronds, while insufficient light can result in stunted growth and smaller fronds. Therefore, the plant should be placed in a location that receives filtered light or partial sun.
Temperature Requirements
The intermediate wood fern prefers cool to moderate temperatures. The ideal temperature range for the plant is between 50 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Temperatures below 50 degrees Fahrenheit can cause frost damage to the plant, while temperatures above 70 degrees Fahrenheit can result in dehydration and stress to the fern.
Soil Requirements
The intermediate wood fern prefers well-draining, moist soil that is rich in organic matter. This plant can grow in a variety of soil types, including loam, sand, and clay. However, the soil pH should be slightly acidic, with a range of 5.5 to 6.5. Addition of compost or leaf mold can improve soil structure and provide essential nutrients for the plant.
In conclusion, providing the intermediate wood fern with the proper light, temperature, and soil conditions can promote optimal growth and healthy foliage.
Cultivation methods for Dryopteris austriaca var. intermedia
Dryopteris austriaca var. intermedia is a hardy fern that thrives in a range of growing conditions. It prefers partial to full shade and moist, well-draining soil. This variety of fern can also withstand some drought conditions once established.
To propagate the fern, use spores or divide the root ball when replanting in the spring. Ensure that the new plants are spaced at least 18 inches apart to accommodate their growth.
Watering needs for Dryopteris austriaca var. intermedia
The fern requires regular watering, especially during the hot summer months. Ensure that the soil is kept consistently moist but not waterlogged to prevent root rot. Mulch around the plant's base to conserve moisture and keep the soil cool.
Avoid using municipal water with high levels of chlorine and salts as they can harm the fern's roots. Instead, use filtered or distilled water. Rainwater can also be utilized as long it is not contaminated.
Fertilization for Dryopteris austriaca var. intermedia
Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in the early spring before the fern's growth period. Avoid using high nitrogen fertilizers as they can burn the fern's roots. The fertilizer should be sprinkled on the soil surrounding the plant's base.
Regular composting of the soil in which the fern grows is a good alternative to using fertilizers, especially for organic gardeners.
Pruning of Dryopteris austriaca var. intermedia
Pruning is not necessary for Dryopteris austriaca var. intermedia, but you might have to remove old or diseased leaves as they wilt. This process can be done year-round as needed. Use a sharp, sterile pair of scissors and cut the leaves close to the base of the plant, making a clean cut.
Additionally, you might have to prune the fern's foliage to control its size or shape. Wait until spring or fall when the fern is in its dormant phase to cut back old growth. Cut the leaves to about an inch above the soil line.
Propagation of Dryopteris Austriaca
Dryopteris austriaca (Jacq.) Woynar ex Schinz & Thellung var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Morton, commonly known as the interior wood fern, is a deciduous perennial fern that is native to North America. Propagation of this plant can be done through spores or division.
Propagation by Spores
Propagation by spores is a time-consuming process that requires patience and attention to detail. It involves spore collection, sterilization, germination, and growth of the plant from the spore to maturity.
Spores are typically collected in late summer or early fall when the fronds are mature and the sori, which are clusters of spore-producing structures, are visible on the underside of the fronds. The fronds are cut and placed in a paper bag to allow the spores to dry.
Next, the spores are sterilized using a 10% bleach solution to eliminate any potential pathogens that could affect the plants. The spores are then placed onto a sterile growing medium and covered with plastic to create a humid environment that promotes germination.
Once the spores have germinated, they are transplanted into individual containers and grown in a climate-controlled environment. The plants are then transferred to the garden once they are mature enough.
Propagation by Division
Propagation by division is a quicker method of producing more plants from an existing fern. Division involves separating a mature fern into smaller pieces and re-potting them or planting them in the ground.
The best time to divide the fern is in the early spring or fall when the plant is dormant. The fern should be carefully removed from the ground or pot and gently separated into smaller clumps or sections.
Each section should have a healthy root system and several fronds. The sections can be re-potted or planted in a new location. It is important to keep the newly transplanted ferns well-watered until they are established.
Propagation by division is a reliable method that ensures the new plants are genetically identical to the parent plant.
Disease Management
Dryopteris austriaca var. intermedia is susceptible to many diseases that can cause significant damage to the plant. The following are common diseases:
- Leaf Blight: This disease causes brown spots on the foliage and can be caused by various fungi. To manage, remove infected leaves and apply a fungicide.
- Rust: Rust appears as rusty-colored spots on the plant's underside and can cause leaf loss. Apply a fungicide to manage.
- Root Rot: Overwatering or poorly drained soil can cause root rot, which manifests as yellowing foliage or a wilting plant. Discard the infected plant and sterilize the soil to manage.
Pest Management
Dryopteris austriaca var. intermedia can be attacked by various pests that can cause severe damage to the plant. The following are common pests:
- Scale Insects: These pests appear as small brown or yellow bumps on the foliage, and their feeding can cause stunted growth and leaf yellowing. To manage, remove the infected plant and apply an insecticide.
- Mites: These tiny pests cause webbing on the foliage and can cause leaf drop. Spray the plant with water to manage the infestation or apply an insecticide.
- Caterpillars: These pests can skeletonize the foliage, causing unsightly damage. Remove the caterpillars by hand or apply an insecticide.
