Origin
Draba apiculata C.L. Hitchc. is a flowering plant species that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. It is native to western North America, specifically in the states of Arizona, Nevada, and Utah.
Common names
This plant is commonly known as the "spiny draba" or "small spiny draba" due to its spiny leaves. It is also sometimes referred to as "Hitchcock's draba" after its discoverer, Charles Leo Hitchcock.
Uses
Draba apiculata has no known commercial uses. However, it is an important food source for various herbivorous animals such as sheep and elk that graze on its leaves.
General appearance
Draba apiculata is a small perennial herb that grows up to 8 cm in height. It has a rosette of basal leaves and produces a flowering stem that bears white flowers. The leaves are spiny and hairy, with a length of 1-2 cm. The flowers are small, with a diameter of 1-2 mm and are clustered at the top of the stem. The fruit of the plant is a small capsule with numerous seeds.
Growth Conditions for Draba apiculata C.L. Hitchc.
Draba apiculata C.L. Hitchc. is a plant species that prefers to grow in alpine and subalpine conditions which typically have short growing seasons and harsh environmental conditions. The following are some of the typical growth conditions required for the optimal growth of Draba apiculata:
Light Requirements
Draba apiculata requires bright sunlight to grow to its full potential. Since it is an alpine plant, it adapted to high-intensity light levels. It is recommended that the plant receives at least six hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for the growth of Draba apiculata is between 10°C to 20°C. Although this range is lower than the average temperature range for most plants, it is suitable for the alpine and subalpine regions that the plant is native to. These cooler temperatures allow the plant to grow slowly and adapt to the harsh conditions of its environment.
Soil Requirements
Draba apiculata requires well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil pH should range between neutral to slightly acidic. The plant does not like standing water, so it is essential to avoid poorly drained soils.
Moreover, it is adapted to growing in rocky soil, which is typical of alpine regions. The use of rocks and gravel in the soil mix contributes to the plant's growth success, allowing for drainage and aerating the soil.
Additionally, the soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged to allow the plant's roots to absorb the nutrients required for sustained growth.
Cultivation
Draba apiculata C.L. Hitchc. plant is a hardy perennial that requires full sun to thrive and grow. It can be grown in most soil types, but performs best in well-draining and nutrient-rich soils. The plant propagates through seed, and it's recommended to plant them in the fall season.
Watering needs
The plant requires deep watering once a week during the growing period. It is crucial to let the soil dry out slightly between watering to avoid waterlogging and root rot. During the winter season, reduce watering as the plant's growth slows down, and overwatering may cause damage.
Fertilization
Draba apiculata C.L. Hitchc. requires minimal fertilization as it is a hardy plant. However, an annual application of a balanced slow-release fertilizer in early spring will enhance growth and flowering.
Pruning
The plant requires pruning to encourage compact growth, enhance its ornamental value and prevent the plant from getting leggy. Prune the plant after flowering by trimming back the spent blooms and removing any damaged or diseased parts. Also, prune any growth that is interfering with other plants nearby.
Propagation of Draba apiculata C.L. Hitchc.
Propagation of Draba apiculata C.L. Hitchc. can be achieved through various methods, including seed propagation and vegetative propagation.
Seed Propagation
Draba apiculata C.L. Hitchc. can be propagated through seeds, which can be collected in the fall when the seed pods have turned brown. The seeds can be stored in a cool, dry place until the following spring when they can be sown directly in the garden. Alternatively, the seeds can be sown in flats indoors, 6 to 8 weeks before the last frost date. When the seedlings have grown large enough, they can then be transplanted outdoors.
Vegetative Propagation
Draba apiculata C.L. Hitchc. can also be propagated vegetatively through cuttings or division. To propagate through cuttings, take 3-4 inch cuttings from the plant in early summer and place them in a rooting hormone. Plant the cuttings in a potting mixture and keep them moist until roots have formed. Division can be done in the spring when the plant has just begun to grow. Dig up the plant and divide it into sections, making sure each section has roots attached. These can then be replanted in the garden or in pots.
Regardless of the propagation method you choose, it's important to provide the newly propagated Draba apiculata C.L. Hitchc. with the right growing conditions, including well-draining soil, full sun to partial shade, and adequate water and nutrients.
Disease and Pest Management for Draba apiculata C.L. Hitchc.
Draba apiculata C.L. Hitchc., also known as the pointed-leaf draba or alpine draba, is susceptible to various diseases and pests. Proper management can prevent the infestation and damage caused by these diseases and pests.
Common Diseases
The common diseases that usually affect Draba apiculata are foliar diseases such as leaf spot, downy mildew, and powdery mildew. Leaf spot appears as small, circular lesions with a brown or black spot in the center. Downy mildew causes yellowing and wilting of leaves. Powdery mildew appears as a white powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers.
To manage these diseases, it's important to ensure that Draba apiculata is planted in well-drained soil and that there is adequate air circulation. Avoid overhead watering, especially during high humidity, as moisture on the leaves can encourage fungal growth. Remove and destroy infected plant debris as soon as possible.
Common Pests
The common pests that usually affect Draba apiculata are aphids, caterpillars, and slugs. Aphids appear as tiny green, black, or brown insects that suck sap from the leaves and stems, resulting in leaf curling and stunted growth. Caterpillars are the larvae of moths and butterflies that feed on the leaves, leaving large holes. Slugs are slimy creatures that feed on the leaves and stems.
To manage these pests, you can use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or other organic pesticides. Place slug traps around the plants to capture the slugs. You can also physically remove caterpillars by hand or use Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a biological insecticide that targets caterpillars.
Implementing preventative measures such as removing debris, keeping the soil moist, and practicing crop rotation can also help prevent infestations.
