General Appearance
Dorstenia edeensis Engl. is a woody plant that belongs to the Moraceae family. It is indigenous to the West African region and was first discovered in Nigeria. The plant has a shrubby or tree-like appearance, growing up to 6 meters tall. Its bark is smooth and brownish-gray, and its leaves are alternate, oval-shaped, and green in color.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as "Ede Dorstenia" or "Ede Aganbi" in Nigeria, where it is mostly found. It is also called "Akooba" in other parts of West Africa, such as Ghana.
Uses
Dorstenia edeensis Engl. has several traditional medicinal uses in West Africa. Its bark, root, and leaves are used to treat various ailments, including diarrhea, stomach pain, and fever. The plant's latex can also be applied to wounds and skin infections. Additionally, the plant is used as a source of timber and fuelwood in some parts of West Africa.
Light Requirements
Dorstenia edeensis Engl. typically grows well in moderate to bright light conditions. It is able to tolerate direct sunlight to some extent, but excessive exposure to direct sunlight can scorch its leaves. Therefore, it is best to place the plant in a partially shaded location where it can receive ample natural light for up to 6 hours a day.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is adapted to warm tropical regions and therefore, it thrives in warm temperatures. It grows best within a temperature range of 70°F to 85°F (21°C to 29°C). It can tolerate temperatures as low as 50°F (10°C) for a short period, but extended exposure to cold temperatures below its minimum threshold can cause its leaves to wilt and drop off.
Soil Requirements
The Dorstenia edeensis Engl. plant requires a well-draining soil mix that is rich in organic matter. A mix of peat, perlite, and sand in the ratio of 2:1:1 works well for the plant. The soil should have a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5, which is slightly acidic to neutral. The soil should also hold some moisture but not remain waterlogged as the plant is sensitive to root rot.
Cultivation
Dorstenia edeensis Engl., also known as the African bonsai, is a unique and exotic plant that requires specific growing conditions. It is native to tropical rainforests and is ideally suited to warm, humid climates. The plant needs good drainage to avoid root rot, and it does not tolerate frost or extreme temperatures.
The plant requires a loamy, well-draining soil mix that is slightly acidic to neutral in pH. A mixture of peat, vermiculite, perlite, and sand is perfect for Dorstenia edeensis.
To achieve optimum growth, the plant must be grown in partial or filtered sunlight. It can also be grown indoors in a room with bright, indirect light.
Watering Needs
Dorstenia edeensis requires moderate watering. The soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged, to prevent root rot. Overwatering or underwatering can cause the leaves to wilt or turn brown.
It is best to water the plant when the soil feels dry to the touch. During the growing season, water the plant every two weeks and reduce watering during the winter when growth is slower.
Fertilization
Fertilization is essential for the healthy growth of Dorstenia edeensis. Apply a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season. During winter, the plant needs less fertilizer, and once-a-month feeding is recommended.
It is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions when applying fertilizer. Over-fertilization can cause the leaves to turn yellow, and the plant can suffer from root burn.
Pruning
Dorstenia edeensis does not require regular pruning. However, pruning can be done to control its size and shape. It is best to prune during the growing season when the plant is actively growing.
To prune, use a sharp and clean pair of scissors or pruning shears. Cut just above the node where the leaves emerge to encourage branching. Removing dead or yellowing leaves can also improve the plant's appearance.
It is important to note that the plant produces a milky sap that can be irritating to the skin. Always wear gloves and avoid contact with eyes or mouth while pruning.
Propagation of Dorstenia edeensis Engl.
Dorstenia edeensis Engl. can be propagated through various methods, including:
Seed Propagation
This method involves collecting seeds from a mature plant during the fruiting season, which is usually in the summer or fall. The seeds should be cleaned and soaked in water for a few hours before sowing. Sow the seeds in a potting mix consisting of equal parts of sand, perlite, and peat moss. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and keep the potting mix moist but not waterlogged. Place the pot in a warm and bright area, but avoid direct sunlight. The seeds will typically germinate in 1-3 months.
Cuttings Propagation
Propagation by cuttings is a reliable and faster method of propagating Dorstenia edeensis Engl. Take a cutting of 5-7cm in length with at least two nodes. Let the cutting dry for a few days and then dip the cut end into rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a potting mix consisting of equal parts of sand and peat moss. Keep the soil moist and place the pot in a warm and bright area, but avoid direct sunlight. The cutting will typically root in 3-6 weeks.
Division Propagation
This method involves dividing the mature plant into smaller sections, each with roots and stems. Dig up the plant and separate the clumps carefully using a sharp and sterilized knife. Plant each division in a potting mix consisting of equal parts of sand, perlite, and peat moss. Keep the soil moist and place the pot in a warm and bright area, but avoid direct sunlight. Each division will typically establish itself in 1-2 months.
Regardless of the propagation method used, it is important to provide the new plants with proper care after propagation.
Disease and Pest Management for Dorstenia edeensis Engl.
Dorstenia edeensis Engl. commonly known as the "Dragon's blood" plant is a popular houseplant due to its attractive appearance and low maintenance needs. However, the plant can also be affected by several diseases and pests if proper care is not given.
Diseases
1. Root rot: Root rot is caused by overwatering the plant, leading to the decay of the roots. To prevent this, make sure that the plant is not over-watered, and the soil is well-draining. Also, avoid watering the plant too frequently.
2. Leaf spot: Leaf spot is caused by fungal infections resulting in dark round spots on the leaves, leading to the death of the plant if not managed early. To manage this, remove the infected leaves, and provide good air circulation around the plant.
3. Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew is another fungal infection that causes the leaves to be covered with a white powdery substance. To prevent this, avoid overcrowding the plants, provide enough spacing between plants, and keep the humidity levels low.
Pests
1. Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that suck the sap from the plant, leading to the death of the plant if not managed early. To manage this, frequently spray the plant with water to deter the pests. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to manage the infestation.
2. Mealybugs: Mealybugs are common pests that colonize at the base of the leaves, leading to the death of the plant if not managed early. To manage this, remove the affected leaves, and isolate the plant to prevent the spread of the infestation. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to manage the infestation.
3. Scale insects: Scale insects are tiny brown pests that attach themselves to the leaves and steam of the plant, leading to the death of the plant if not managed early. To manage this, remove the affected leaves, and isolate the plant to prevent the spread of the infestation. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to manage the infestation.
Overall, a healthy and well-maintained plant is less likely to be affected by diseases and pests. Providing adequate care, such as good lighting, well-draining soil, and proper watering techniques, can help prevent disease and pest infestation for Dorstenia edeensis Engl.
