Overview
Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. subsp. glabrescens Verdc. is a flowering plant that is native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is also known by its common name, the silky-leaved hyacinth bean.
Appearance
The silky-leaved hyacinth bean is a climber that can grow up to 5 meters in height. Its leaves are alternate, smooth, and shiny green on the upper surface and hairy on the underside. The flowers of the plant are purple, pink, or white in color and are arranged in racemes. The pods of the plant are long and thin, measuring up to 25cm in length, and are covered in fine hairs.
Uses
The silky-leaved hyacinth bean is primarily used as a food crop in sub-Saharan Africa. The immature pods and seeds are consumed and are a good source of protein, carbohydrates, and vitamins. The plant is also used for its medicinal properties, as its leaves are believed to have antibacterial and antifungal properties. In addition, the plant is used for erosion control and as an ornamental.
Light Requirements
Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. subsp. glabrescens Verdc. typically grows in full sun to partial shade conditions. It needs at least four to six hours of sunlight daily to thrive. It is best grown in areas where it can receive morning sunlight and afternoon shade.
Temperature Requirements
This plant grows well in warm climates. It prefers temperatures between 20 to 30 degrees Celsius (68 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit). Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. subsp. glabrescens Verdc. does not tolerate frost or cold temperatures. In the winter months, it should be protected from frosty conditions.
Soil Requirements
This plant can tolerate a wide range of soils, but it prefers well-draining soils. It thrives in soils with high organic content and high fertility levels. It grows best in slightly acidic to neutral soil pH levels. Adequate water drainage is essential for its growth.
Cultivation Methods
Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. subsp. glabrescens Verdc. can be grown in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The plant prefers full sun to partial shade, and it can tolerate drought and heat. It is recommended to start the seeds indoors and transplant them outdoors after the last frost. The seeds should be sowed 1 inch deep in the soil and spaced at least 4 inches apart. The plant can be grown in pots for those with limited space.
Watering Needs
The plant requires moderate watering. It is advisable to water deeply and infrequently, about once or twice a week depending on the climate. In hot and dry climates, the plant may need more frequent watering to prevent wilting and stunted growth. The soil should be allowed to dry partially before watering to avoid waterlogging and root rot.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization is essential for the healthy growth of Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. subsp. glabrescens Verdc. Before planting, you can add compost or well-rotted manure to the soil to introduce the necessary nutrients. During the growing period, you can apply a balanced fertilizer every two weeks to supply the plant with essential nutrients. Foliar feeding with a liquid fertilizer solution can also be beneficial to the plant's growth.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for the plant's growth, but it can help to maintain its shape and promote bushier growth. Prune the plant to remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches or stems. You can also pinch off the tips of the branches to encourage lateral growth and the development of more branches. Pruning should be done in the early spring, just before the growing season begins.
Propagation of Dolichos Sericeus E.Mey. Subsp. Glabrescens Verdc.
Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. subsp. glabrescens Verdc. can be propagated through various methods that include sowing of seeds, stem cuttings, and layering.
Propagation by Seed
Seeds of Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. subsp. glabrescens Verdc. can be collected from mature pods. The seeds should be cleaned and soaked in water for a few hours to help with germination. They can then be sown in seed trays or pots in a well-draining soil mix. The trays or pots should be placed in a warm and well-lit area and should be watered regularly. The seeds should germinate in about 2-3 weeks.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings of Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. subsp. glabrescens Verdc. can be taken from mature plants during the growing season. The cuttings should be about 10-15 cm long and should be taken from the softwood growth. The leaves should be removed from the lower 2/3 of the cutting and the remaining leaves should be trimmed. The cuttings should be dipped in a rooting hormone and planted in a well-draining soil mix. The soil should be kept moist and the cuttings should be placed in a shaded area until they root.
Propagation by Layering
Layering is another method of propagation for Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. subsp. glabrescens Verdc. This involves bending a low-hanging stem to the ground and pinning it down with a wire or stake. A small trench should be dug where the stem touches the ground and the stem should be covered with soil. The buried part of the stem will produce roots and shoots. After a few months, the new plant can be separated from the parent and transplanted.
Disease and Pest Management for Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. subsp. glabrescens Verdc.
Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. subsp. glabrescens Verdc. is a hardy plant that is generally resistant to most pests and diseases. However, there are a few common pests and diseases that can affect this plant, and it is important to be aware of them in order to manage them effectively.
Diseases:
1. Root rot: Root rot is a common disease that affects many plants, including Dolichos sericeus. It is caused by a soil-borne fungus and can cause the plant to wilt and die. To manage this disease, it is important to ensure that the plant is grown in well-draining soil and not over-watered. Avoiding planting in areas that are prone to flooding can also help prevent root rot.
2. Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that can affect the leaves of Dolichos sericeus. The disease appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves, and can cause them to yellow and drop prematurely. To manage this disease, avoid overhead watering and ensure good air circulation around the plant. If the disease is severe, fungicides may be necessary.
Pests:
1. Aphids: Aphids are common pests that can affect the leaves and stems of Dolichos sericeus. They can cause yellowing and distortion of the foliage, and also excrete a sticky substance called honeydew that can attract other pests such as ants. To manage aphids, use a strong stream of water to wash them off the plant, or use insecticidal soaps or neem oil sprays.
2. Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that can infest the leaves of Dolichos sericeus and cause them to become stippled and discolored. They are often found in hot, dry conditions. To manage spider mites, keep the plant well-watered and increase humidity around the plant by misting it regularly. In severe cases, insecticidal sprays may be necessary.
By being aware of common pests and diseases that can affect Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. subsp. glabrescens Verdc., gardeners can take proactive steps to manage them and ensure a healthy and thriving plant.
