Overview of Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy
Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy is a tropical plant species belonging to the Fabaceae family. It is native to East Africa, specifically in Tanzania, where it is widely distributed and grows in different ecological zones, such as forest margins, riverbanks, and thickets.
Common Names
Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy is widely known by its common name, "velvet bean." It is also commonly referred to as "Njugo" or "Njuga" in Tanzania, Swahili language.
Uses and Benefits
The velvet bean or Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy, are used traditionally in different cultures for various medicinal purposes. In Tanzania, it is utilized in treating body pain, infertility, edema, and several other ailments. The seeds of the plant contain high levels of L-dopa, a precursor of the neurotransmitter dopamine, and hence it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease.
Moreover, the plant is a good source of protein and other essential nutrients that can supplement human diets. In addition to its medicinal value, it's used as green manure to enhance soil fertility, and the leaves, when combined with other plant residues, form high-quality compost.
General Appearance
The velvet bean plant is a vigorous, perennial, and climbing herb with a size range that can span from 3 m to 15 m in length. Its leaves are trifoliate with a glossy green upper surface and a dull-green lower surface, and the stalks are usually long, measuring up to 25 cm. The plant produces an annual crop of pods that are coated with fine velvet-like hairs, giving it the name "velvet bean."
The plant's flowers are small, white, and inconspicuous, adding little ornamental value to the plant. The seeds of the plant are arranged linearly inside the pods and are oval-shaped, measuring about 1 to 2 cm in length. When the pod matures over time, it turns brown and splits open to disperse the seeds.
Overall, the Velvet bean or Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy is a highly versatile and appreciated plant in Tanzania, serving many medicinal and practical uses in various aspects of human lives.
Light Requirements
The Dolichos schlechteri plant requires plenty of light for healthy growth. It thrives in full sun conditions but can tolerate some shade. When grown indoors, provide ample sunlight through south or west-facing windows or use artificial grow lights.
Temperature Requirements
Dolichos schlechteri prefers warm and humid temperatures, usually ranging from 20-33°C. It does not do well in temperatures below 15°C. If grown outdoors, protect from cold temperatures and frost during winter. When grown indoors, maintain a consistent temperature by keeping away from direct drafts and heating/cooling vents.
Soil Requirements
The ideal soil for Dolichos schlechteri is well-draining, loamy, and fertile. Sandy or clayey soils should be amended to improve drainage and nutrient content. A pH ranging from 6.0 to 7.5 is best. Ensure proper drainage by adding peat moss or perlite to the soil mix. Fertilize every three months with a balanced fertilizer. Water regularly but do not allow to sit in standing water.
Cultivation of Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy
Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy, commonly known as the African Bean, is a perennial climber plant native to South Africa. Growing this plant requires specific conditions to ensure healthy growth.
The ideal conditions for cultivating Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy is the well-draining soil with high organic matter content, consistent temperature, and full sun exposure.
This plant tolerates different soil types, but thrives best in well-drained, fertile, and slightly acidic soil. It is vital to choose a location with plenty of sunlight exposure for the plant.
Watering Needs of Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy
Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy plant requires moderate watering, especially during the growing season. Water the plant when the soil feels dry, but avoid over-watering as it may lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
It is crucial to water the plant’s base or roots to prevent water splashing on the leaves, which can cause fungal infections.
Fertilization of Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy
The African Bean plant requires regular feeding with organic fertilizer to promote growth and flowering. Fertilize the plant before the growing season and after every six weeks with a balanced fertilizer that contains equal portions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Applying the fertilizer after watering will facilitate its absorption, and it should be done in moderation to avoid over-fertilization, which can damage the plant.
Pruning Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy
Pruning is essential in managing the growth of the African Bean plant. Regular pruning keeps the plant compact and more manageable and enhances flowering.
Prune the plant at the end of the growing season or when it becomes too large for its support structure. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased leaves or stems to maintain the plant’s health.
Trim the plant back to its basal leaves to enhance bushier growth and stimulate more blooms. It is also necessary to tie the plant’s stems to a trellis or a stake to provide support and promote upward growth.
Propagation of Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy
Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy, which is commonly known as the forest bean, can be propagated through different methods such as seeds, cuttings, and division. Each propagation method has its own advantages and disadvantages, but the success of each method can depend on various factors such as the environmental conditions and plant health.
Propagation by Seeds
Propagation through seeds is the most common method for Dolichos schlechteri. The seeds can be collected from the mature plants or purchased from a reputable seed supplier. For better results, stratifying the seeds before planting is recommended. This involves placing the seeds in a moist environment at a cool temperature for a period of time (usually 1-2 weeks) to break down dormancy and encourage germination.
To plant the seeds, prepare a well-draining soil mix in pots or trays. Sow the seeds directly under the soil and cover with a thin layer of soil. Water thoroughly and keep the pots in a warm, bright location until germination occurs.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation through cuttings involves taking a section of stem from a mature plant and planting it in soil or water until it develops roots. Softwood cuttings can be taken during the spring or early summer, while hardwood cuttings are better taken in the fall or winter.
To propagate through cuttings, take a cutting from a healthy plant and trim the bottom end to remove any leaves or growth. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining soil mix. Water it thoroughly and keep it in a warm, bright location until roots develop.
Propagation by Division
Propagation through division involves separating a mature plant into smaller sections and planting them individually. This method is best done during the spring or fall when the plant is less active.
To propagate through division, carefully remove the plant from its pot or ground and gently separate the roots without damaging them. Divide the plant into smaller sections, each with a healthy root system and replant in well-draining soil mix. Water thoroughly and keep the plants in a warm, bright location until they are established.
Disease and Pest Management for Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy
Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy is a hardy and disease-resistant plant. However, it is still susceptible to a few diseases and pests. Here are the most common ones and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Anthracnose: This is a fungal disease that affects the leaves, stems, and pods of the plant. It causes spots on the leaves and can lead to defoliation and reduced yield. To manage anthracnose, use fungicides containing copper or chlorothalonil. Keep the plant dry by watering at the base and avoiding overhead irrigation.
Mosaic virus: This is a viral disease that causes mottled leaves and reduced plant growth. There is no cure for mosaic virus, so it's important to prevent it by using disease-free seed and controlling the aphids that transmit the virus.
Pests
Aphids: These small insects suck sap from the leaves and stem of the plant, causing curling and yellowing of the leaves. To control aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil. You can also introduce natural predators like ladybugs and lacewings.
Cutworms: These caterpillars feed on the stem and can cut the plant off at the soil level. To manage cutworms, put collars made of cardboard or plastic around the base of the plant. This will prevent the cutworms from reaching the stem.
Spider mites: These tiny pests suck sap from the leaves of the plant, causing discoloration and webbing. To control spider mites, spray the plant with water to knock them off or use insecticidal soap.
By keeping a close eye on your Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy plant and taking prompt action against diseases and pests, you'll be able to grow a healthy and productive plant.
