Overview
Dolichos helicopus (E.Mey.) Steud. is a plant species in the Fabaceae family. It is known for its ornamental value and medicinal properties. It is commonly found in southern Africa, particularly in the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, and Mpumalanga provinces.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as the "snake bean," "helix bean," or "twining bean" due to its long, coiled and rope-like pods.
Uses
The young pods of Dolichos helicopus are edible and can be cooked or eaten raw. The mature seeds are also edible but require longer cooking times. In traditional medicine, the roots of this plant are used to treat stomach ailments, snakebites, and insect bites.
Appearance
The plant typically grows as a vine with long and slender stems that can reach up to six meters in length. The leaves are trifoliate, with leaflets that are oval-shaped, and range from 5-10 cm in length. The flowers are white, pea-shaped, and arranged in clusters along the stem. The fruits are long, coiled, and cylindrical pods that can grow up to 50 cm in length. The pods contain seeds that are oval-shaped and around 1 cm in length.
Light Requirements
The plant Dolichos helicopus requires bright, indirect sunlight. Exposure to direct sunlight for prolonged periods can cause leaf burn and damage to the plant. It is ideal to place the plant near a window that receives 4-6 hours of indirect sunlight daily.
Temperature Requirements
The plant Dolichos helicopus grows well in moderate temperatures between 18°C-25°C (64°F-77°F). The plant needs to be protected from sudden drops in temperature and frost, as it may damage the leaves and stem. It is best to keep the plant in a well-ventilated area within the recommended temperature range.
Soil Requirements
The plant Dolichos helicopus grows well in well-draining, loamy soil. The soil should have a pH between 5.5 to 6.5. The planters should be filled with at least two-thirds of soil mixed with peat or compost. The plant requires a moist environment but at the same time, it is essential to let the soil dry between waterings. If the soil remains soggy, it can lead to root rot, which can harm the plant's growth.
Cultivation methods
Dolichos helicopus is a vigorous and fast-growing plant, commonly called a snail creeper. It grows best in tropical and subtropical regions and requires a warm and humid climate to thrive. The plant is usually grown in the ground or in large containers, placed in a bright and partially shaded location. It needs a sturdy support system to climb, such as a trellis or pergola.
Watering needs
The plant prefers well-drained soil that is kept consistently moist, but not waterlogged. It requires regular watering, especially during dry periods, to prevent wilting and keep the foliage lush and green. However, overwatering can lead to root rot, which can be fatal for the plant. Always check the soil before watering and adjust the frequency accordingly.
Fertilization
Dolichos helicopus benefits from regular fertilization to promote healthy growth and abundant flowering. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and apply it every two to three months during the growing season. Alternatively, you can use organic fertilizers, such as compost or well-rotted manure, which will improve soil fertility and texture over time.
Pruning
To keep the plant in a tidy and attractive shape, prune it regularly throughout the year. Cut off any dead or damaged branches first, followed by any stems that are growing out of bounds. You can also pinch off the tips of young shoots to encourage branching and bushier growth. Additionally, prune the plant after flowering to remove any spent blossoms and promote the development of new ones.
Propagation of Dolichos helicopus
Dolichos helicopus (E.Mey.) Steud., commonly known as the snail creeper, is an ornamental plant native to South Africa. It is a twining, evergreen climber that produces attractive spiral-shaped flower spikes. Propagation of Dolichos helicopus can be done through various methods:
Seed Propagation
The snail creeper can be propagated from seeds. Collect the pods from the plant when they are dry, and remove the seeds. Soak the seeds in water overnight to soften the hard coat. Sow the seeds in nursery beds or containers filled with well-draining soil. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil, and water them regularly. The seeds will germinate in 2-3 weeks.
Cuttings Propagation
Dolichos helicopus can be propagated from cuttings as well. Take 6-8 inch long cuttings from the plant, preferably from the tip of the branch. Remove the lower leaves, and dip the cuttings in a rooting hormone. Plant the cuttings in pots filled with a mixture of sand and peat moss. Water the cuttings regularly, and keep them in a shaded area. Within 2-3 weeks, the cuttings will develop roots and can be transplanted to the desired location.
Layering Propagation
Layering is another propagation method for Dolichos helicopus. Select a healthy, lower branch of the plant, and make a small wound on the stem. Dust the wound with rooting hormone, and cover it with soil. Keep the soil moist, and wait until the branch develops roots, which will take around 4-8 weeks. Cut the rooted branch from the parent plant, and transplant it to the desired location.
Propagation of Dolichos helicopus is relatively easy and can be done using various methods. With proper care, the plant will thrive and produce beautiful flowers.
Disease Management
Dolichos helicopus (E.Mey.) Steud. is susceptible to various diseases that can reduce its yield and quality. Some of the common diseases that affect this plant include:
- Root Rot: This disease is caused by fungi in the soil and can be prevented by maintaining proper drainage and avoiding overwatering.
- Bacterial Blight: This disease causes wilting and darkening of leaves, and can be controlled by using disease-free seeds and avoiding overcrowding of plants.
- Leaf Spot: This disease is caused by fungi and can be prevented by practicing crop rotation and avoiding overhead irrigation.
Pest Management
Dolichos helicopus (E.Mey.) Steud. is also susceptible to several pests that can damage the plant and reduce its yield. Some of the common pests that affect this plant include:
- Aphids: These insects suck the sap from the plant and can be controlled by using insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Bean Beetles: These insects feed on the leaves and pods of the plant and can be controlled by handpicking or by using an insecticidal spray.
- Cutworms: These insects cut the stem of the plant at the base and can be controlled by using collars around the base of the plant or by using a biological control such as Bacillus thuringiensis.
It is important to regularly monitor the plants for any signs of disease or pest infestation and take appropriate action as soon as possible to prevent the spread of the problem.
