Overview
Dolichos hastatus Lour. is a climbing, perennial plant that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is commonly known as sword bean, snake bean, or Chinese long bean. The plant is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia, but it is now widely spread in other tropical countries as well.Appearance
The plant has a long and thin stem that can grow up to 3 meters in length. It has elongate and oblong leaves, which are around 8-16 cm long and 2-5 cm wide. The plant produces clusters of flowers that are light purple or pink in color. It produces elongated pods that can grow up to 75 cm long and 2-3 cm wide. The pods contain numerous seeds that are flat and oval-shaped.Uses
The young seeds and pods of the Dolichos hastatus Lour. plant are edible and widely used in Southeast Asia and South Asia cuisines. The beans have a sweet taste with a slightly crunchy texture. The plant is also used for medicinal purposes, including treating inflammation, fever, and skin diseases. Additionally, it is a great source of protein, fiber, and minerals such as potassium, magnesium, and iron. In addition to its medicinal and culinary uses, Dolichos hastatus Lour. is also grown as a shade plant or for ornamental purposes in gardens. Its unique appearance and ability to climb make it an excellent choice for trellises, fences, and walls.In conclusion, Dolichos hastatus Lour. is a versatile plant that has been used for various purposes throughout history. From its edible and medicinal benefits to its ornamental appeal, this plant has proven to be a valuable asset in both the natural and human-made landscapes.
Light requirements
Dolichos hastatus Lour. typically prefers full sunlight to partial shade. It requires at least 6 hours of sunlight per day for healthy growth and development. Lack of adequate sunlight may result in stunted growth and reduced flowering.
Temperature requirements
The plant prefers warm temperatures and cannot tolerate frost. The optimal temperature range for the growth of Dolichos hastatus Lour. is between 20-30 °C. Temperatures below 10 °C can cause damage to the plant, leading to wilting and death.
Soil requirements
The plant grows well in well-drained loamy soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil should be slightly acidic with a pH range of 5.5-7.0. Dolichos hastatus Lour. cannot tolerate waterlogged or heavy clay soils as they restrict root growth and lead to poor drainage. The plant also requires regular fertilization with balanced nutrients for healthy growth and flowering.
Cultivation methods
Dolichos hastatus Lour. is a tropical vine and prefers warm climates. It can grow up to 6 feet high and requires support to climb. It is best grown in well-drained soil in a sunny spot. It can also be grown in pots or containers with trellis support. The seedlings can be transplanted outdoors after 3 to 4 weeks.
Watering needs
Dolichos hastatus Lour. requires regular watering, especially during dry spells. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged. Watering should be reduced during the winter season when the plant is dormant. The plant's water needs increase during flowering and fruiting, so monitor the soil moisture regularly.
Fertilization
As Dolichos hastatus Lour. belongs to the legume family, it can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere with the help of nitrogen-fixing bacteria present in the soil. Adding compost or aged animal manure to the soil can provide necessary nutrients for growth and flowering. A balanced fertilizer can also be used in the growing season to promote healthy growth.
Pruning
Pruning Dolichos hastatus Lour. is essential to prevent it from becoming too bushy and to promote strong growth. It should be pruned in the dormant season to remove weak or dead stems and to shape the plant. It can also be pruned in the growing season to control its size and shape.
Propagation of Dolichos hastatus Lour.
Dolichos hastatus Lour., commonly known as sword bean, is a tropical plant that is generally propagated through seeds. However, there are other methods that can also be used to propagate the plant.
Seed Propagation
The easiest and most common method of propagating sword bean is through seeds. Seeds should be harvested from healthy plants. Collect the mature, dry, and plump seeds from the plant's pod. The plant produces shiny black seeds that are relatively large and almost kidney-shaped. Before planting, treat the seeds with a fungicide to prevent fungal diseases. Sow the seeds in a well-draining soil mixture in shallow holes, at least 1 inch deep. Once sown, cover the seeds with a light layer of soil. Water the pot until the soil is just moist and place it in a warm and sunny location. Germination generally takes around a week.
Cuttings Propagation
Dolichos hastatus Lour. can also be propagated via stem cuttings. Better results can be achieved by taking cuttings from young plants. Take stem cuttings of about 10 to 15 cm long, cutting just below a node. Strip off the lower leaves from the cutting and dip the end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a potting mix of peat moss and perlite or vermiculite and keep it in a humid, warm location. Regular watering is necessary until the plant grows roots.
Division Propagation
The division is another method that can be used to propagate sword bean. It involves separating the mature plant into smaller portions to be replanted. Start by digging up the entire plant, and then using a clean and sharp knife or shovel, divide the root ball into at least two sections. Replant the sections in their new pots filled with well-draining soil.
Propagation of Dolichos hastatus Lour. is easy and straightforward. By following any of these propagation methods, one can easily obtain a new plant in a short time.
Disease and Pest Management for Dolichos hastatus Lour.
Dolichos hastatus Lour. is susceptible to various diseases and pests that can cause damage to the plant and reduce its productivity. Managing these diseases and pests is essential to ensure the plant's health and optimize its yield. Here are some common diseases and pests that may affect Dolichos hastatus Lour., as well as ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
Anthracnose: Anthracnose is a fungal disease that can affect various parts of the plant, causing leaf spots, stem cankers, and pod rot. The fungus spreads through spores that can survive in soil and plant debris. To manage anthracnose, it is essential to remove infected plant debris and provide adequate spacing between plants for proper air circulation. Fungicides can also be used to prevent or mitigate the spread of the disease.
Bacterial blight: Bacterial blight is a bacterial disease that affects the leaves, stems, and pods of the plant, causing water-soaked lesions and leaf yellowing. The bacteria can survive in soil and plant debris and spread through rain and irrigation splashes and contaminated tools. To manage bacterial blight, it is essential to remove infected plant debris and avoid overhead irrigation. Copper-based bactericides can also be used to reduce the spread of the disease.
Common Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on the plant's sap and can cause stunted growth, yellowing, and distorted leaves. They also excrete honeydew, which attracts ants and promotes the growth of sooty mold. To manage aphids, it is essential to monitor the plants regularly and remove infested leaves or plants. Insecticidal soaps and oils can also be used to control aphid populations.
Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny arachnids that feed on the plant's cells, causing yellowing and stippling of the leaves. They are often found on the undersides of leaves and thrive in dry and dusty conditions. To manage spider mites, it is essential to maintain the plant's humidity by misting or setting up a humidifier. Insecticidal soaps and oils can also be used to control spider mite populations.
By managing the diseases and pests that may affect Dolichos hastatus Lour., growers can maximize their crop productivity and ensure a healthy and thriving plant.
