Overview
Dolichos erectus De Wild. is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae which is native to Africa. It is known commonly as the climbing cowpea and creeping vigna.
Appearance
This plant is a sprawling or twining vine that can climb up to 6 meters long. The leaves are alternate, trifoliate with oblong-elliptic leaflets. The flowers are small and white or pink, and are borne in axillary clusters. The legumes are oblong, compressed, and up to 6 cm long.
Uses
The plant is used for several purposes. In some countries, it is a source of forage for livestock. It is also utilized as green manure, cover crop and soil improvement. In traditional medicine, the root is used to treat fever, stomachache and jaundice.
This plant is also of interest to horticulturists and gardeners for its ornamental value - it has attractive flowers and can be used to create a natural fence or trellis.
The seeds of Dolichos erectus De Wild. are edible and are used in cuisine in some African countries. They can be cooked, boiled, or roasted and used in recipes such as stews and soups.
Light Requirements
Dolichos erectus De Wild. typically thrives in full sunlight conditions. It must receive at least 6-8 hours of sunlight per day to produce adequate foliage and blooms.
Temperature Requirements
The plant can grow in a range of temperatures between 18°C to 35°C. Like many plants, it needs a moderate climate that is not too hot nor too cold. It can survive in temperatures as low as 10°C but anything lower than 5°C could potentially damage the plant or even cause it to die.
Soil Requirements
The soil requirement for Dolichos erectus De Wild. is specific and must be well-drained, loamy soil rich in organic matter. The pH level should range from 6.0 to 7.5 slightly acidic to neutral, respectively. The plant needs soil that retains enough moisture but does not become waterlogged, which can lead to root rot and other fungal problems. A recommended organic fertilizer should be applied every two weeks during the growing season.
Cultivation Methods for Dolichos Erectus De Wild.
Dolichos erectus De Wild. prefers a well-draining soil rich in organic matter. It thrives in full sun to partial shade conditions. The plant can be propagated by seed in early spring or by cuttings in summer.
Watering Needs for Dolichos Erectus De Wild.
The watering needs of Dolichos erectus De Wild. depend on several factors, including the plant's age, size, soil conditions, and weather. Generally, the plant requires frequent watering immediately after transplanting or during periods of extreme heat. Once established, the plant tolerates moderate drought conditions.
Fertilization of Dolichos Erectus De Wild.
Dolichos erectus De Wild. benefits from regular fertilization with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer during the growing season. Apply the fertilizer at half-strength once a month to avoid over-fertilization. Use a high-phosphorous fertilizer during flowering to maximize blooming.
Pruning of Dolichos Erectus De Wild.
Dolichos erectus De Wild. benefits from pruning to remove dead, diseased, or damaged branches and maintain its shape. Prune the plant in late winter or early spring before new growth appears. Avoid heavy pruning as it can reduce the plant's blooming and fruiting.
Propagation of Dolichos erectus De Wild.
Dolichos erectus De Wild. is commonly known as the climbing bean or wild bean. It is a perennial plant that is native to tropical and subtropical regions in Africa. Propagation of Dolichos erectus De Wild. can be done through different methods such as seed propagation and vegetative propagation.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method used to propagate Dolichos erectus De Wild. It involves sowing the seeds in a seedbed or directly into the ground. When using the seedbed method, the seeds should be sown in a well-prepared seedbed with adequate moisture and fertile soil. Once the seeds have germinated, they should be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the field.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation of Dolichos erectus De Wild. can be done through cutting and layering. Cutting involves taking stem cuttings from the plant and rooting them in a rooting hormone. After the cuttings have developed roots, they can be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the field.
Layering involves making a small cut at the base of a stem and then bending the stem into a hole made in the ground. The stem is then covered with soil, and it will develop roots from the nodes. Once the stem has developed roots, it can be separated from the parent plant and transplanted into its own pot or directly into the field.
Propagation of Dolichos erectus De Wild. is relatively easy and can be done with either seeds or vegetative methods. It is important to ensure that the plants are grown in well-draining soil, with adequate moisture and fertilizer to ensure healthy growth.
Disease and Pest Management for Dolichos erectus De Wild.
Dolichos erectus, commonly known as the kidney bean vine, is a hardy plant that is relatively resistant to pests and diseases. However, it can still fall prey to a few common issues that require management to ensure healthy growth and development.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that can affect Dolichos erectus is powdery mildew. This fungal disease can appear as white, powdery patches on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. To manage powdery mildew, it is best to remove the affected leaves and discard them, as well as ensure that the plant has good air circulation and is not overcrowded.
Another disease that can affect Dolichos erectus is leaf spot. This bacterial disease shows up as dark spots on the plant's leaves and can eventually lead to leaf drop. To manage leaf spot, it is best to remove affected leaves and ensure that the plant is not overwatered, as this can contribute to the spread of the disease.
Common Pests
One of the most common pests that can affect Dolichos erectus is the aphid. These small insects can congregate on the undersides of leaves and suck the sap from the plant, leading to stunted growth and distorted leaves. To manage aphids, it is best to use a strong stream of water to wash them off the plant or to use an insecticidal soap.
Another pest that can affect Dolichos erectus is the spider mite. These tiny pests can cause the plant's leaves to appear yellow and stippled, and can even produce webbing on the plant. To manage spider mites, it is best to ensure that the plant is well-watered and to use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the infestation.
Conclusion
While Dolichos erectus is a relatively hardy plant, it can still suffer from a few common diseases and pests. To ensure healthy growth and development, it is important to keep an eye out for any signs of trouble and to take management steps as necessary, whether through removal of affected plant parts or through the use of natural or chemical controls.
