Overview of Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev.
Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae native to central and eastern Africa. This plant is often referred to as Golden-leaved Dolichos or Butterfly Pea due to its colorful flowers and leaves. The plant is popular as an ornamental plant and is grown in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.
Appearance of Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev.
The leaves of Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. are glossy, ovate to lanceolate in shape, and can grow up to 20 cm long and 10 cm wide. The leaves are a yellow-green to green color with a prominent golden-yellow midrib. The flowers are large and showy, with a diameter of up to 8 cm and have five petals that range in color from blue, violet, lavender, and purple. The plant is a climber and can grow up to 4 meters in height with the assistance of its tendrils.
Uses of Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev.
The Golden-leaved Dolichos or Butterfly Pea is primarily used as an ornamental plant for its striking flowers and foliage. The plant is also known to have some medicinal properties. The leaves of the plant have been used in traditional medicine to treat fever, headache, and cough. Additionally, the plant's seeds are edible and have been used as a food source in some regions of Africa.
Cultivation of Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev.
Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. requires well-drained soil and a sunny location to thrive. It prefers warm, humid climates and can be grown as an annual or perennial plant. The plant can be propagated by seed or cuttings and requires regular pruning to maintain its shape. The plant is drought tolerant and relatively low maintenance, making it an excellent choice for ornamental purposes in tropical and subtropical regions.
Light Requirements
The plant Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. prefers moderate to bright indirect light. It can handle some morning sun but too much direct afternoon sun can damage the leaves. It can also survive in partial shade but may not flower as profusely as it would in brighter light conditions.
Temperature Requirements
The plant Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. can tolerate a wide range of temperatures but prefers warm temperatures between 18-27°C (65-80°F). It can survive in temperatures as low as 10°C (50°F) but growth may slow down. If the temperature drops below 10°C (50°F) for extended periods, the plant may suffer damage or even die.
Soil Requirements
Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. grows well in well-draining soil that's rich in organic matter. It prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH range of 6.0-7.0. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. It's best to water the plant only when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Overwatering may cause root rot and other soil-borne diseases.
Cultivation of Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev.
The plant Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. is a perennial climber that thrives in warm, tropical and subtropical regions. It can be grown readily in-home gardens, pots, or patios, given the right climate and soil conditions. The plant requires much sunlight exposure, so it is essential to choose a spot that receives full sunlight for at least 6 hours a day.
The ideal soil for Dolichos chrysanthus should be well-drained with a pH range of 6-7. The plant requires a lot of space since it can grow up to three meters in height, so it needs adequate spacing between the plants to prevent competition, which can harm the plant.
Watering Needs for Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev.
As with any tropical plant, Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. requires regular watering. Water the plant once per week during the growing season, especially during dry periods, to keep the soil moist. The plant will need less watering in winter when it becomes dormant. However, be cautious not to over-water or allow the plant to dry out too much, as this can harm the plant.
It is best to water the plant early in the morning or late in the day to avoid evaporation of water from the hot sun and to reduce the risk of plants developing mildew.
Fertilization of Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev.
The plant Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. responds well to regular fertilization. The best time to fertilize is during the growing season between spring and summer with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer. Use a high-potassium fertilizer when flowering to promote healthy blooming.
When applying the fertilizer, spread the appropriate amount over the soil and then water gently to help the nutrients absorb into the soil.
Pruning of Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev.
Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. requires minimal pruning. Prune the plant only to control its size and shape, and to remove any dead or damaged stems. The best time to prune is during winter when the plant becomes dormant.
Pruning helps to keep the plant healthy and promotes young, healthy stems for future growth and blooming. Avoid pruning during the growing season as it can damage new growth and harm the plant's overall health.
Propagation of Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev.
Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. is commonly propagated through seeds and stem cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds of Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. can be obtained from mature pods of the plant. The seeds must be thoroughly cleaned and dried before planting. They can be sown directly in the ground or in seed trays filled with a mixture of soil and compost. The ideal time for sowing seeds is in the early spring, after the last frost. The seeds should be covered lightly with soil and kept moist until they germinate, which usually takes about 2-3 weeks.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. can also be propagated by stem cuttings taken from mature plants. The cuttings should be taken in the early summer, when the plant is actively growing. The cutting should be around 4-6 inches in length and should have a few leaves attached. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone before being planted. The cutting should be planted in a well-draining soil mixture and kept moist until it develops roots, which usually takes about 2-3 weeks.
Disease and Pest Management for Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev
Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. is susceptible to certain diseases and pests that can affect its growth, development, and overall health. It is essential to be aware of these problems and take preventive measures to avoid severe damage.
Common Diseases
Fungal Infections: This plant is prone to various fungal diseases, including powdery mildew, anthracnose, and root rot. Powdery mildew can be controlled by providing adequate air circulation, reducing humidity, and avoiding overhead watering. Primarily, the use of fungicides is a good way to control fungal infections.
Viral Infections: Dolichos chrysanthus A.Chev. can be affected by viral infections such as the mosaic virus. These viruses are generally transmitted by infected planting materials or insects. There is no proper cure for viral infections, so growers need to remove and destroy the infected plant as soon as possible to avoid spreading.
Common Pests
Aphids: These are small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from young succulent shoots. The plant's leaves begin to curl and appear discolored. To control aphids, you can use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or apply beneficial insects such as ladybugs or lacewings.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that suck the sap from the plant leaves, resulting in yellow and dry leaves. It would help if you avoided using pesticides with broad-spectrum activity, which may kill their natural predators. You can also use neem oil or insecticidal soap to keep spider mites under control.
Thrips: These are minute insects that feed on the plant's leaves and flowers, causing distorted growth. They also transmit viruses. To control thrips, use yellow sticky traps or release predatory insects like minute pirate bugs and lacewings.
Overall, preventing the occurrence and spread of diseases and pests is the best management practice. Thus, maintaining proper plant hygiene, using quality planting materials, and avoiding overcrowding or over-fertilization can help maintain a healthy plant and avoid severe damage.
