Origin
Dolicholus pyramidalis auct. non (Lam.) Britt. & Wilson is a species of plant in the Fabaceae family. It is native to South America, specifically Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.
Common Names
Dolicholus pyramidalis auct. non (Lam.) Britt. & Wilson is commonly known as "pito," "piquiri," "voador," and "flight."
Uses
The plant is primarily used for its medicinal properties. The leaves, bark, and roots contain alkaloids that have been used as a treatment for colds, influenza, and respiratory infections. It is also used as a natural insecticide to repel insects away from crops.
General Appearance
Dolicholus pyramidalis auct. non (Lam.) Britt. & Wilson is a small tree or large shrub that typically grows up to 10 meters tall. It has a pyramid-shaped crown of bright green, compound leaves that are approximately 5-8cm in length. The tree produces small, white or pink flowers that bloom in clusters from late spring through early summer. The plant's fruit is a long, slender pod that measures between 10 and 20cm in length.
Light Requirements
The plant Dolicholus pyramidalis requires sunlight exposure to thrive. It needs a lot of direct sunlight to help it photosynthesize. Therefore, it would grow best in areas with high levels of sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The plant Dolicholus pyramidalis requires warm temperatures to grow well. It grows best in areas with a temperature range of 18°C to 30°C. If the temperature falls below this range, the plant's growth may be stunted, and it may die if it's too severe.
Soil Requirements
The plant Dolicholus pyramidalis requires well-draining, nutrient-rich soil to grow well. It needs soil that's loamy and aerated. Clay soils are not suitable for this plant as they're too dense, and water doesn't drain quickly enough. Additionally, the soil should have a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. The plant prefers slightly acidic soil conditions.
Cultivation of Dolicholus pyramidalis
Dolicholus pyramidalis is a climbing plant that can be cultivated both indoors and outdoors. The first step in its cultivation is to choose a location that provides ample space for the plant's growth. The plant grows best in well-draining soil that is slightly acidic with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. It also requires partial to full sunlight to thrive.
Watering needs
Proper watering is crucial for the growth of Dolicholus pyramidalis. The plant prefers moist soil but cannot tolerate waterlogging. Water should be applied regularly, especially during hot and dry seasons. To avoid waterlogging, ensure that the soil is well-drained and porous.
Fertilization
Fertilization is an essential aspect of Dolicholus pyramidalis' growth. Standard fertilizer is sufficient for the plant's requirements. To encourage growth, fertilizer should be applied in the spring and summer seasons. Organic fertilizers such as compost and manure are also useful in enriching the soil.
Pruning
Pruning is necessary to keep Dolicholus pyramidalis in good shape. The plant should be pruned frequently to remove damaged, diseased, or dead branches. It is also advisable to remove weak stems that are incapable of supporting the plant's weight. Pruning should be done during the dormant period, which is in late winter or early spring.
Propagation of Dolicholus pyramidalis
Dolicholus pyramidalis is commonly propagated by seed, stem cuttings and root cuttings. Here are the propagation methods in detail:
Propagation by seed
Dolicholus pyramidalis can be propagated from seeds, which can be collected directly from the plant when fully matured or purchased from a reputable seed supplier. To propagate, collect seeds from the plant pods and let them dry for a few days. Sow the seeds in seedling trays or directly in the field. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and water lightly ensuring the soil is always moist. Germination takes place within 2-3 weeks depending on temperature and moisture.
Propagation by stem cuttings
Propagation by stem cuttings involves the use of mature stems with leaves. Cuttings of Dolicholus pyramidalis should be made from the current season's growth when the stem is slightly woody. Cuttings should be 10-15 cm long and have at least 2-3 nodes. Remove the leaves at the lower nodes of the cutting and dip the lower end of the cutting in a rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a well-draining potting mix, water, and ensure the soil remains moist. Place the pot in a shaded area to protect it from direct sunlight and wait for roots to develop. Once roots are formed, the plant can be transplanted into the garden or a larger pot.
Propagation by root cuttings
Dolicholus pyramidalis can also be propagated by root cuttings. Root cuttings should be taken from mature roots of the plant. Cuttings should be approximately 3-5 cm long and planted one inch below the soil surface. Keep the soil moist, and in 2-3 weeks, you will see new shoots emerge, indicating successful propagation.
Disease Management
Dolicholus pyramidalis is generally a disease-resistant plant. However, some diseases may attack the plant, compromising its production and rendering it weak. The common diseases include:
- Leaf Spot: It is characterized by dark spots on the leaves and can cause significant damage to the plant if not managed. Use fungicides to control leaf spot.
- Root Rot: It is caused by waterlogging and can result in the death of the plant. Use well-draining soil to prevent waterlogging.
- Powdery Mildew: It is a fungal disease that results in a white powdery substance on the plant's leaves. Use fungicides to control powdery mildew.
Pest Management
Dolicholus pyramidalis can be attacked by various pests, which can lead to significant damage to the plant, resulting in stunted growth and reduced production. The common pests include:
- Aphids: They feed on the sap of the plant and excrete honeydew, which attracts ants. Use insecticides or natural predators to control aphids.
- Spider Mites: They suck the plant's juices, leading to stunted growth and reduced production. Use insecticides to control spider mites.
- Thrips: They pierce the plant's leaves and flowers and suck the sap, resulting in distorted growth. Use insecticides to manage thrips.
Integrated pest management practices such as crop rotation, use of disease-resistant varieties, and improving the overall plant health can curb the attack by pests and diseases.
