Overview
Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. spathulata (Sm.) West, also known as Wedelia trilobata, is a shrubby plant native to South America and the Caribbean. It is a member of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae) and is commonly referred to as Wedelia, Creeping Oxeye, and Sphagneticola.
Appearance
The plant has bright green, succulent, and lobed leaves that are usually a few inches long. It has bright yellow flowers that are daisy-like and bloom throughout the year. Dodonaea viscosa can grow up to 1 meter tall, and its branches are covered with a sticky sap-like substance that helps protect it from herbivores.
Uses
Known for its versatility, Dodonaea viscosa has several uses. The plant is useful for ornamental purposes and can be used as ground cover. Its yellow flowers make it a favorite in gardens and landscapes. Its sticky sap-like substance also makes it desirable as a source of latex. In traditional medicine, the plant has been used to treat sore throats, skin inflammations, and stomach ailments. Its leaves can be made into a tea that provides relief from coughs and flu symptoms. Dodonaea viscosa is also used in the manufacture of herbal shampoos and lotions.
Environmental Impact
Although it is highly valued for its aesthetic and medicinal properties, Dodonaea viscosa can have detrimental effects on the environment. It is considered to be an invasive species in many parts of the world, including the United States, where it is causing significant ecological damage. It spreads quickly, mainly through its underground stems, and outcompetes native plant species. If left unchecked, it can form dense monocultures that change the soil composition, alter the water flow patterns, and disrupt the local ecosystem.
As a result, it is highly recommended that individuals avoid planting Dodonaea viscosa in areas where it is not native.
Light requirements
Dodonaea viscosa var. spathulata prefers full sunlight and is well-suited to grow in areas with high light intensity. Without sufficient access to light, this plant may struggle to grow properly and remain stunted in size. It is capable of adapting to low light conditions, but its growth may slow down as a result.
Temperature requirements
This variety of Dodonaea viscosa grows best in warm, tropical to subtropical climates. It favors temperatures that range between 20 to 35 degrees Celsius (68 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit) and prefers areas that do not experience severe frost or prolonged periods of cold weather. In areas with colder temperatures, this plant may become dormant or die back to the ground.
Soil requirements
Dodonaea viscosa var. spathulata can thrive in a variety of soils, as long as they are well-draining. This plant prefers soils that are slightly acidic to slightly alkaline and can tolerate soil pH levels ranging from 5.5 to 8.0. It grows well in sandy or loamy soils, but can also tolerate clay soils that have been amended with organic matter. However, it does not tolerate soils that are waterlogged or have poor drainage.
Cultivation Methods
Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. spathulata (Sm.) West thrives in well-draining soil and prefers a sunny location. It grows best in warm weather conditions with a temperature range of 15-30°C. The plant can be propagated using seeds or cuttings. For seed propagation, soak the seeds in water overnight before sowing in seed trays. When using cuttings, make sure they are taken from mature and healthy plants.
Watering Needs
Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. spathulata (Sm.) West requires moderate watering. Water regularly but avoid waterlogging the soil, as it can cause root rot. Allow the soil to dry slightly before watering again. During dry spells, increase the frequency of watering to prevent the roots from drying out.
Fertilization
To promote healthy growth, fertilize the plant with a balanced slow-release fertilizer in the spring and summer months. You can also supplement with compost or animal manure to improve soil fertility. Follow manufacturer instructions for application rates, and avoid over-fertilizing as it can damage the plant.
Pruning
Pruning Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. spathulata (Sm.) West is essential to maintain its shape and promote bushier growth. It is best to prune in the spring or fall months. Cut back the stem tips to control the height and remove any damaged or diseased branches. Pruning also stimulates new growth and helps prevent overcrowding. Always use clean and sharp pruning tools to avoid injuring the plant.
Propagation of Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. spathulata (Sm.) West
Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. spathulata (Sm.) West, commonly known as hopbush or sticky hopbush, is a shrub that is native to Australia, New Zealand, and some Pacific islands. The plant is popularly used for ornamental, medicinal, and practical purposes. Propagation methods for Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. spathulata (Sm.) West include:
1. Seed propagation
The easiest and most common way to propagate Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. spathulata (Sm.) West is through seed propagation. The plant produces small, hard seeds that can be collected once they are fully matured. The seeds can be sown directly in the ground or in pots. To plant seeds, first, soak them in warm water for 24 hours. This will help soften the seed coat and speed up germination. Sow the seeds in a well-draining potting mix at a depth of about 1-2 cm. Cover the seeds with soil and water gently. Keep the soil consistently moist and place the pots in a warm location with bright, indirect light. Seeds usually germinate within 2-3 weeks.
2. Stem cutting propagation
Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. spathulata (Sm.) West can also be propagated through stem cuttings. The best time to take stem cuttings is during spring or summer when the plant is actively growing. Select healthy, disease-free stems that are about 10cm long. Cut the stems below a leaf node using a clean pair of pruning shears. Remove any leaves from the lower part of the stem, leaving only a few at the top. Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone powder and plant it in a pot filled with a well-draining potting mix. Water the cutting well and place it in a warm, bright location, away from direct sunlight. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Roots should start to develop within 3-4 weeks.
3. Layering propagation
Another method of propagating Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. spathulata (Sm.) West is through layering. This propagation technique involves bending a lower branch down to the ground and covering it with soil. First, select a healthy, flexible branch that is close to the ground. Make a small notch on the underside of the branch, about 10-15 cm from the tip. Apply rooting hormone to the notch and gently bend the branch down to the ground. Cover the notch with soil, leaving the tip of the branch exposed. Secure the branch in place using a U-shaped wire or a forked stick. Water the soil well and keep it moist. Roots should start to grow within a few weeks. Once roots have established, cut the branch from the parent plant and plant it in its new location.
Disease Management
Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. spathulata (Sm.) West is known to be relatively resistant to most diseases but it is still susceptible to some identi?ed below.
- Leaf Spot: Leaf spots are usually caused by fungi and appear as brown or black spots on the leaves. Controlling humidity and watering plants at the base can aid in preventing the spread of leaf spot. The use of fungicides is useful in controlling severe infections.
- Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is characterized by a white, powdery coating on the leaves and stems. It can be prevented by watering at the base of the plant to prevent excess moisture from settling on leaves and stems. Fungicides can also be applied when the disease is detected.
- Crown Rot: Crown rot is a fungal disease that causes the plant to wilt and die quickly. Infected plants should be removed and the soil and surrounding area treated with a fungicide.
Pest Management
Some common pests that affect Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. spathulata (Sm.) West include:
- Scale Insects: Scale insects can cause yellowing of the leaves and stunting of the plant's growth. Insecticidal soaps or oils can be used to control their spread.
- Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that appear as specks on the underside of leaves. They can be controlled using insecticidal soaps or oils and by regularly misting the leaves to increase humidity and discourage the mites from settling.
- Aphids: Aphids are small green pests that feed on the sap of the plant, causing stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. They can be controlled using insecticidal soaps or oils and by introducing natural predators such as ladybugs to the area.
