Overview:
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. angustifolia (L.f.) Benth., commonly known as narrow-leaved hop bush or sticky hop bush, is a species of flowering shrub or small tree belonging to the family Sapindaceae. This plant is native to a wide range of regions including Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific islands. The plant is known for its ornamental value and medicinal properties, making it a popular choice for landscaping and traditional medicine.
Appearance:
The narrow-leaved hop bush is an evergreen shrub or small tree that can reach up to 6m in height. Its branches are slender and firm with a dark reddish-brown color, and the bark is fissured and slightly rough. The leaves are narrow, elongated, and lance-shaped with a glossy green surface and a lighter underside. The leaves produce a sticky secretion when crushed, and they can be up to 10cm long and 1-2cm wide. The flowers of the plant are inconspicuous and occur in clusters around the ends of branches. Each flower is small and yellow-green with five petals and sepals, and they give rise to small capsules containing seeds.
Uses:
Narrow-leaved hop bush has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat a wide range of ailments. The plant contains various compounds that have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. The roots, leaves, and bark of the plant are used to treat wounds, skin infections, and fever. The plant is also used to relieve pain associated with menstrual cramps, headaches, and toothaches. Besides its medicinal properties, the narrow-leaved hop bush is a great landscaping plant that can be grown for its stunning foliage and attractive overall appearance.
Growth Conditions of Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. angustifolia (L.f.) Benth.
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. angustifolia (L.f.) Benth. is a shrub species native to Australia that belongs to the family Sapindaceae. This plant is commonly known as the narrow-leaved hopbush and has several medicinal and traditional uses. To successfully grow this plant, it is essential to pay attention to the following growth conditions:
Light Requirements
The narrow-leaved hopbush prefers a location that receives full sun exposure, although it can also tolerate light shade. It is essential to ensure that the bush receives adequate sunlight for at least five hours per day to promote vigorous growth and healthy foliage. A shady location may cause the plant to stretch and become leggy, making it less attractive visually.
Temperature
The narrow-leaved hopbush prefers warm temperatures and can tolerate temperatures ranging from 5 °C to 40 °C. However, it may suffer from frost damage if exposed to extended periods of freezing temperatures, making it unsuitable in areas with extended periods of cold. The ideal temperature range for this plant is between 15°C to 35°C.
Soil Requirements
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. angustifolia (L.f.) Benth. prefers well-drained sandy or gravelly soils but can also tolerate heavy clay soils. The pH range of the soil should be neutral to slightly alkaline, between 6.0 to 7.5. A fertile soil enriched with organic matter will promote healthy growth and foliage. Overwatering and waterlogging of the soil should be avoided as it can cause root rot, leaf yellowing, and ultimately death of the plant.
Cultivation Methods
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. angustifolia (L.f.) Benth. thrives well in well-drained soils, rich in organic matter. It prefers full sunlight exposure, but it can also tolerate partial shade. The plant is best propagated by seeds, which should be sown in a nursery bed or directly in the field. Weeding should be done regularly, and mulching is recommended to retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
Watering Needs
The plant requires moderate watering, especially during the growth stage, which is from spring to early autumn. It is advisable to avoid waterlogging the plant roots, as this can lead to root rot. Watering should be done in the morning or evening to prevent evaporation loss.
Fertilization
Fertilization should be done at the beginning of the growing season, using a balanced fertilizer. The plant is not highly demanding for nutrients, and overfertilization can lead to stunted growth and increased susceptibility to pests and diseases.
Pruning
Pruning should be done during the dormant season, which is in late autumn or early winter. It should be done to remove diseased, damaged, or dead branches, as well as to shape the plant to the desired form. Any suckers that arise from the plant's base should be removed to allow for better air circulation and light penetration. It is advisable to use sharp and sterile pruning tools to avoid damaging the plant.
Propagation Methods for Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. angustifolia (L.f.) Benth.
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. angustifolia (L.f.) Benth. can be propagated through both sexual and asexual methods:
Sexual Propagation:
Seeds of the plant should be cleaned and dried properly before sowing. The seeds should be sown in soil mixed with sand or vermiculite. It is important to maintain a temperature of around 20-25 °C. Germination may take place in two to three weeks.
Asexual Propagation:
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. angustifolia (L.f.) Benth. can be propagated via cuttings taken from mature and healthy plants. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken from the current year's growth should be used preferably. The cuttings should be treated with rooting hormones before being planted in soil. The best time for taking cuttings is in the early spring when the temperature is slightly warmer. A humid atmosphere is necessary to ensure the survival of the cuttings. The young plants should be transplanted after 4-6 months.
Disease Management
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. angustifolia (L.f.) Benth. is susceptible to various diseases that affect its general health and growth. Some of the common diseases include root rot, leaf spot, and powdery mildew. Proper management strategies are vital to mitigate the spread and damage caused by these diseases.
Root Rot: This disease is caused by soil-borne pathogens, including Fusarium and Phytophthora. Overwatering and poor drainage are the main causes of root rot. To manage this disease, avoid overwatering, enhance soil drainage, and ensure proper soil aeration. Also, you can apply fungicides to control the spread of the disease.
Leaf Spot: This fungal disease causes circular or irregular spots on the leaves, which later turn yellow and drop. The disease is prevalent in humid conditions and poorly ventilated areas. To control the spread of the disease, remove and destroy infected leaves, improve air circulation around the plant, and apply fungicides.
Powdery Mildew: This disease manifests as a white, powdery substance on the leaves and stems, leading to stunted growth and poor yield. High humidity, poor air circulation, and warm temperatures promote the spread of powdery mildew. To manage this disease, improve air circulation around the plant, stop overhead watering, remove infected tissues, and apply fungicides.
Pest Management
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. angustifolia (L.f.) Benth. is prone to attack by various pests that can cause significant damage if not managed properly. Some of the common pests include spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs.
Spider Mites: These pests suck sap from the leaves and stems, leading to yellowing, discoloration, and defoliation. The use of insecticides and predatory mites can significantly manage spider mite populations.
Aphids: These pests also suck sap from tender parts of the plant, leading to stunted growth and poor yield. Use of insecticidal sprays, ant elimination, and soap solutions can help to manage aphid populations.
Mealybugs: These pests suck sap from the plant and produce a white, cottony substance around the stems and leaves. The pests can lead to yellowing and stunted growth. Use of insecticidal sprays, pruning of infested plant parts, and application of rubbing alcohol can help to manage mealybug populations.
