Description of Dischisma tomentosum Schltr.
Dischisma tomentosum Schltr. is a plant species belonging to the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is commonly known by several names, including Hairy Dischisma, Hairy Oncidium, and Tomentose Oncidium. This orchid species is native to Colombia and Ecuador, where it grows naturally in the Andes mountain range.
General Appearance
The Dischisma tomentosum orchid is a small to medium-sized plant that features yellow or greenish-yellow flowers with small purple spots. Its flowers are usually about 2.5 cm in diameter, and they bloom on stems that can grow up to 60 cm tall. The plant typically grows with pseudobulbs, which are thickened stems that store water and nutrients for the plant.
The leaves of the Dischisma tomentosum plant are long and narrow, measuring between 15 and 25 cm long, with a width of 1 to 1.5 cm. These leaves are dark green and slightly twisted, giving them an attractive appearance.
Uses
The Dischisma tomentosum orchid is widely grown for its ornamental value. The plant is highly sought after by collectors and hobbyists for its attractive flowers and striking appearance. It is also commonly used in floristry and floral arrangements, as it can add a beautiful and exotic touch to any setting.
Aside from its ornamental uses, some indigenous communities in Colombia and Ecuador also use Dischisma tomentosum for medicinal purposes. A tea made from its leaves is believed to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, which makes it useful in treating conditions such as arthritis and rheumatism.
In conclusion, Dischisma tomentosum Schltr. is an orchid species known for its attractive yellow flowers, narrow twisted dark green leaves, and ornamental and medicinal uses.
Light Requirements
Dischisma tomentosum Schltr. requires a moderate amount of sunlight exposure to grow properly. Direct sunlight for 3-4 hours a day is ideal, however, the plant can tolerate low light conditions as well. It is recommended to keep the plant near a brightly-lit window or under a grow light for optimum growth.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the Dischisma tomentosum Schltr. is between 18°C to 25°C (64°F to 77°F). The plant can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C (50°F) and as high as 35°C (95°F) for short periods. However, it is best to keep the plant away from drafts or extreme temperature fluctuations as it can affect the plant's growth.
Soil Requirements
The Dischisma tomentosum Schltr. thrives in well-draining soils that retain moisture, but not waterlogged. It is recommended to use a soil mix that is formulated for orchids as it provides good drainage and moisture retention. The soil pH should be kept between 5.5 to 6.5, which is slightly acidic. The plant should be repotted every two years in fresh soil mix to ensure adequate nutrient supply.
Cultivation
Dischisma tomentosum Schltr., commonly known as Furred Dischisma, is a terrestrial orchid species that belongs to the family Orchidaceae. It is native to the tropical rainforests of South America, where it grows in shady and humid areas. Cultivating Dischisma tomentosum at home is not complicated as long as the right conditions are provided.
The first step in cultivation is to replicate the plant's natural environment. Therefore, plant Dischisma tomentosum in a pot with a well-draining substrate consisting of Sphagnum moss, perlite, and bark chips, which should imitate its native soil. The pot should have adequate drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
The ideal location for the plant is in a shaded area away from direct sunlight, which can damage the leaves and roots. Keep the temperature between 20-25°C, which is similar to the plant's natural habitat, to achieve optimal growth.
Watering Needs
Furred Dischisma requires frequent watering, and the substrate should never dry completely. However, overwatering can lead to root rot or fungal infection. Check the substrate regularly, and only water the plant when the top layer becomes slightly dry.
To avoid waterlogging, ensure the pot has adequate drainage holes to drain excess water. Use room temperature water to avoid shocking the plant's roots.
Fertilization
Dischisma tomentosum Schltr. requires regular fertilization to provide essential nutrients for healthy growth. Fertilize the plant once a month using a balanced orchid fertilizer. During the growing season, which is usually in the spring and summer, increase the frequency to every two weeks.
Always follow the instructions on the fertilizer package, and never exceed the recommended dosage as it can burn the roots.
Pruning
Pruning Dischisma tomentosum Schltr. is crucial to maintain the plant's aesthetic appeal and good health. Trim off any dead or yellow leaves using sterilized scissors. This will prevent the spread of any diseases and promote new growth.
During the growing season, remove any spent flower spikes to channel the plant's energy towards new growth and blooms. Do not cut into the pseudobulbs as they store moisture and nutrients.
Propagation of Dischisma tomentosum Schltr.
Dischisma tomentosum Schltr. can be propagated through various methods, which include:
Seed Propagation
The plant produces a large number of minute seeds that can be collected from the existing plants. It is recommended that the seeds be collected when they are fully mature and brown in color. After the collection, the seeds can be directly sown in well-draining soil. Germination should occur within two to three weeks. The seedlings need to be protected from direct sunlight and maintained in well-draining soil until they are large enough to be planted in their permanent locations.
Cutting Propagation
Dischisma tomentosum Schltr. can be propagated through stem cuttings. This method is quite effective and results in the production of plants that are true to the parent plant. The cuttings should be collected during the growing season and should be approximately 5-6 inches long. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone before being planted in a well-draining soil mixture. After planting, the cuttings should be kept in a warm and humid environment until they begin to root, at which point they can be gradually acclimatized to normal conditions.
Division Propagation
The plant can also be propagated through division. This method is usually used to rejuvenate older plants or to produce new plants from older clumps. To divide the plant, the clump should be carefully dug up from the soil and separated into smaller sections. The sections should be replanted in a well-draining soil mixture and should be kept in a shaded environment until they are established.
Disease and Pest Management for Dischisma tomentosum Schltr.
Dischisma tomentosum Schltr., commonly known as the Cotton Leaved Dischisma, is a beautiful ornamental plant. It is considered to be generally healthy, but like all plants, it is prone to some diseases and pests. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggestions on how to manage them.
Diseases
Fungi, bacteria, and viruses are the most common diseases that affect the Dischisma tomentosum Schltr. Here are some of the diseases that you should look out for:
Leaf Spot Disease
This disease is caused by a fungus and is characterized by the appearance of small, black or brown spots on the leaves. The leaves can become yellow and drop prematurely. To manage this disease, simply remove and destroy the affected leaves and ensure that the plant receives sufficient water and nutrients.
Bacterial Blight
Bacterial blight can be identified by wilted leaves, water-soaked spots on the leaves, and a foul smell. This disease can lead to the death of the plant. To manage this disease, remove and destroy the affected plant parts and avoid overhead watering. Avoiding overcrowding and providing good air circulation can also help prevent this disease.
Viral Diseases
Viral diseases can be spread by insects, pruning tools, and contaminated soil. Viral diseases can cause the leaves to have a mottled appearance, and the plant may become stunted. Unfortunately, there is no cure for viral diseases. The best way to manage them is to remove and destroy the affected plant parts and avoid overcrowding to prevent the spread of the virus.
Pests
While cotton leaved Dischisma is not known for attracting pests, there are still a few that gardeners should watch out for:
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny insects that can cause the leaves to appear yellow and stippled. They are often found on the underside of the leaves. To manage spider mites, simply remove and destroy the affected parts of the plant. You can also spray the plant with a mild soap solution to help control them.
Thrips
Thrips are small insects that can cause the leaves to appear discolored and distorted. They can also cause the plant to become stunted. To manage thrips, you can use insecticidal soap or neem oil. It is also important to maintain good hygiene by regularly removing debris from around the plant.
In conclusion, Dischisma tomentosum Schltr. is a beautiful ornamental plant that is generally healthy. However, it can be prone to some diseases and pests. By following the suggestions provided above, you can effectively manage the diseases and pests that might affect your plant and keep it healthy and thriving.
