Overview
Dischisma occludens Schltr. is a small, epiphytic orchid species commonly found in subtropical and tropical regions. This plant is known for its beauty and unique appearance that make it a favorite among orchid enthusiasts.
Origin
Dischisma occludens Schltr. is native to the rainforests of Southeast Asia, including regions of Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and Thailand. It can also be found in other parts of the world, including Central and South America.
Common Names
Dischisma occludens Schltr. is commonly known as the "Closed Dischisma" orchid. Other common names for this plant include "Spathoglottis occludens Schltr." and "Encyclia occludens (Schltr.) Schltr."
Uses
Dischisma occludens Schltr. is highly valued for its ornamental value. This plant is commonly grown as a decorative houseplant or as an addition to a garden or orchid collection. It is also used in the hybridization of orchid species to produce new, desirable traits.
General Appearance
This plant is a small, epiphytic orchid with a monopodial growth habit. It has thin, strap-like leaves that are arranged in a rosette. The flowers of the Dischisma occludens Schltr. are showy and have a unique appearance. They are small, white, and have a scent similar to that of vanilla. The lip of the flower is strongly curved, giving it a distinctive look. The plant produces flowers from a single, upright inflorescence that arises from the center of the plant.
Growth Conditions of Dischisma occludens Schltr.
Dischisma occludens Schltr. is a rare epiphytic orchid native to Papua New Guinea and Fiji. It typically grows at altitudes of 100-1000 meters above sea level. For proper growth and development, it requires specific growth conditions, which are discussed below:
Light Requirements
Dischisma occludens Schltr. requires bright, indirect light for optimal growth. Direct sunlight can damage the leaves and cause sunburn. It is recommended to place the plant near an east, west, or south-facing window. For artificial lighting, provide a light source that is equivalent to 1000-1500 foot-candles.
Temperature Requirements
Dischisma occludens Schltr. thrives in warm temperatures with high humidity. The ideal temperature range for its growth is between 20-30?C during the day and 16-19?C at night. Keep the plant away from cold drafts and sudden temperature changes, as it can severely affect its growth and flowering.
Soil Requirements
Dischisma occludens Schltr. is an epiphyte and grows in the wild on the bark of trees. Thus, it does not require traditional potting soil but prefers a well-draining, coarse medium like sphagnum moss or bark. It is recommended to place the plant in a small container or orchid basket with good drainage. Keep the growing medium moist, but avoid waterlogging.
Therefore, by providing the above growth conditions, you can encourage the healthy growth and flowering of Dischisma occludens Schltr.
Cultivation methods
Dischisma occludens Schltr., also known as the Golden Needle Orchid, is a terrestrial orchid that prefers moist and well-drained soil with a slightly acidic pH ranging from 5.5 to 6.5. To grow this plant, use a mixture of bark, perlite, and peat moss to provide adequate drainage and aeration. Ensure that the pot has good drainage holes to prevent the roots from being waterlogged.
Watering needs
Water this plant regularly, but avoid overwatering as it can lead to root rot. During the growing season, water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry. In the winter, water the plant less frequently as it goes into a dormant period. Ensure that the plant receives enough humidity by placing a dish of water near it or using a humidifier.
Fertilization
Fertilize Dischisma occludens Schltr. monthly during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. Dilute the fertilizer to half the recommended strength and apply it when the soil is moist. Avoid fertilizing during the winter months when the plant is dormant.
Pruning
Pruning is not required for Dischisma occludens Schltr., but removing dead leaves and flowers can promote new growth. Use a pair of sterilized scissors to cut off the dead parts of the plant. Avoid cutting healthy leaves as they are essential for the plant to photosynthesize.
Propagation of Dischisma Occludens Schltr.
Dischisma occludens Schltr. can be propagated through different methods, including:
1. Division
Division is a popular method of propagating Dischisma occludens. The plant can be divided at any time of the year when the roots are actively growing. The plant should be removed from its container and gently teased apart into smaller sections, ensuring that each section has a good root structure. These sections can then be replanted in individual pots or directly in the ground. Regular watering and fertilization will support healthy growth.
2. Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings are another method of propagating Dischisma occludens Schltr. The plant's stems should be cut just below a node, with the cutting measuring between 10 to 15cm in length. Remove the lower leaves, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone, then plant in well-draining soil. The pot should be kept moist, and it is important to ensure the cutting is not directly exposed to direct sunlight. The cutting should root within a few weeks.
3. Seeds
Dischisma occludens Schltr. can also be propagated by seeds. The seeds can be collected from the plant's capsules after they have dried and turned brown. Sow the seeds in a well-draining soil mix and sprinkle a thin layer of soil over them. The seeds should be kept moist and warm, and the seedlings will usually emerge after a few weeks. Once the plants have grown to a suitable size, they can be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the ground.
Disease Management
Dischisma occludens Schltr. is mostly susceptible to fungal diseases that can be controlled by keeping the plant clean and free of excess moisture. Common diseases that might affect this plant include:
- Leaf Spot: This disease manifests as water-soaked areas on the leaves that later dry up and fall off. This can be controlled by practicing good sanitation, avoiding overhead watering, and removing any infected leaves.
- Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew appears as a white powdery coating on the plant leaves. It can be controlled by spraying with fungicide or using a homemade solution of baking soda and water.
- Anthracnose: Common anthracnose symptoms include brown spots surrounded by yellow halos. The disease can be treated using fungicides, but preventive measures such as removing dead leaves and debris around the plant can be more effective.
Pest Management
There are a few common pests that might infest Dischisma occludens Schltr. Here are effective management techniques for the pests:
- Aphids: Aphids usually appear on the leaves and feed by sucking the sap from the plant. They can be controlled by regularly spraying the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Spider Mites: Spider mites cause yellow spots on the leaves and can be managed using miticides sprayed on the leaf undersides.
- Mealybugs: Mealybugs can be seen on the plant stem and leaves, and look cotton-like. To manage, the plant must be treated using insecticidal soap.
- Scale Insects: Scale insects may appear as brown bumps on the plant's stem and can be controlled by using insecticidal sprays or by using rubbing alcohol on a cotton swab.
