Origin
Diplazium striatum (L.) K. Presl, commonly known as the shiny spleenwort or black midsorus fern, belongs to the family Athyriaceae. The plant is native to parts of Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America, and can be found growing in moist, shaded areas such as forests, wetlands, and along streams.
Common Names
The Diplazium striatum plant is known by a variety of common names depending on the region. In North America, it is commonly referred to as the shiny spleenwort due to its shiny, deep-green fronds, while in Asia, it is known as the black midsorus fern.
Uses
Throughout history, the Diplazium striatum plant has been used for its medicinal properties. Its fronds were traditionally used as poultices to treat skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis, and it was also used as a remedy for coughs and colds. The plant is also used in some cultures as a food source, with its young fronds being consumed as a vegetable.
General Appearance
The Diplazium striatum plant typically grows to a height of around 60cm and has a spreading growth habit. Its fronds are deeply pinnate and have a shiny, deep-green color. The plant's sori, or spore-bearing structures, are located along the underside of each frond and appear as dark, linear lines. The Diplazium striatum's rootstock is black and creeping, and its young fronds are a light green color before maturing to their characteristic deep-green hue.
Light Requirements
Diplazium striatum is a shade-loving plant that requires indirect sunlight or dappled shade for optimal growth. Direct sunlight can be harmful to this plant and may result in leaf scorching and stunted growth.
Temperature Range
The ideal temperature range for Diplazium striatum is between 18°C and 25°C (64°F to 77°F). It can tolerate slightly lower temperatures, but prolonged exposure to temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can damage the plant. Conversely, temperatures above 30°C (86°F) can cause heat stress and may adversely affect its growth.
Soil Requirements
Diplazium striatum prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil pH level should be between 6.0 and 7.5. The plant does not tolerate waterlogged or compact soils, which can inhibit root growth and cause root rot. The addition of perlite or sand can help improve drainage if necessary.
Cultivation Methods for Diplazium striatum (L.) K. Presl
Diplazium striatum (L.) K. Presl is a fern that can be grown both indoors and outdoors. The plant prefers partial or complete shade. It can be grown in pots, hanging baskets or in the ground, but make sure the planting site drains well, and the soil is rich in organic matter.
Watering Needs for Diplazium striatum (L.) K. Presl
Diplazium striatum (L.) K. Presl requires regular watering to maintain its vibrant green foliage. The plant likes moist soil but not waterlogged conditions, so ensure the soil is well-drained. Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Rainwater is preferable to tap water because it's free from chlorine and other chemicals that may be harmful to the plant.
Fertilization for Diplazium striatum (L.) K. Presl
Diplazium striatum (L.) K. Presl benefits from regular fertilization to encourage healthy growth. Feed the plant with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season, i.e., spring and summer. Reduce fertilizer application in the fall and winter when the plant's growth slows down.
Pruning Diplazium striatum (L.) K. Presl
Diplazium striatum (L.) K. Presl does not require regular pruning; however, it's essential to remove dead, damaged or yellowing fronds to encourage new growth. Use clean and sharp pruning shears to prevent the spread of diseases and pests. Cut the frond as close to the base as possible without harming the plant. If the plant outgrows its container, repot in a larger container or divide the plant into several smaller ones to maintain its health and appearance.
Propagation of Diplazium striatum (L.) K. Presl
The plant Diplazium striatum (L.) K. Presl can be propagated through various methods which include spore propagation, division, and tissue culture.
Spore Propagation
Spore propagation entails collecting mature spores and sowing them in a suitable medium that provides a conducive environment for growth. The medium must be rich in nutrients, and the spores must be sown in a sterile environment to minimize contamination. The container should be covered to maintain high humidity levels, and it should be placed in a well-lit area but away from direct sunlight. The spores will germinate, and over time, they will grow into healthy plants.
Division
Division involves separating an established plant into smaller sections, each with its own roots and foliage. This method is ideal for plants that have outgrown their current container or those that have clumping growth habits. To divide the plant, it must first be removed from the container and the soil shaken off. The plant is then carefully separated into smaller sections using a sharp knife or garden shears. The new sections are then replanted in a suitable container filled with fresh potting soil.
Tissue Culture
Tissue culture involves growing new plants from small tissue samples taken from an existing plant. The tissue is placed in a sterile environment containing a nutrient-rich medium that promotes cell growth. The culture is then placed in a controlled environment with ideal conditions such as proper lighting and temperature. Over time, the cells will multiply, eventually forming new plants that can be transplanted into suitable containers.
Disease and Pest Management for Diplazium striatum
Diplazium striatum, also known as the Japanese parsley fern, is a hardy plant that can tolerate a range of environmental conditions. However, like all plants, it is susceptible to diseases and pests that can weaken or kill the plant if not managed correctly.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affect Diplazium striatum is root rot. This disease is caused by waterlogging or overwatering, which leads to the roots becoming waterlogged and eventually rotting. To manage root rot, ensure that the plant is not watered excessively and that it is planted in well-draining soil. Additionally, avoid planting the fern in poorly lit areas, as this can contribute to the development of the disease.
Another disease that can affect Diplazium striatum is leaf spot. This disease is characterized by the presence of small, brown spots on the leaves of the plant. To manage leaf spot, remove any infected leaves and ensure that the plant is planted in well-draining soil. Additionally, avoid overhead watering, as this can contribute to the spread of the disease.
Diplazium striatum can also be affected by powdery mildew, a fungal disease that appears as a powdery white substance on the leaves of the plant. To manage powdery mildew, ensure that the plant is not overcrowded and that there is adequate air circulation around it. Additionally, avoid overhead watering and dispose of any infected leaves to prevent the spread of the disease.
Common Pests
The Japanese parsley fern is relatively pest-resistant. However, it can still be affected by mealybugs, a common pest that appears as white, cotton-like masses on the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage mealybugs, remove any infected leaves and use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol to remove any visible pests from the plant.
Diplazium striatum can also be affected by spider mites, which are tiny pests that feed on the leaves of the plant. To manage spider mites, wash the leaves of the plant with soap and water or use an insecticidal soap to kill the pests.
Finally, slugs and snails can also be a problem for the Japanese parsley fern. These pests feed on the leaves of the plant, leaving large holes and damage in their wake. To manage slugs and snails, remove any leaves or debris from around the plant, as this can be a hiding place for the pests. Additionally, place a barrier of crushed eggshells or copper tape around the plant to deter them.
