Origin
Diospyros cooperi (Hutch. & Dalziel) F.White, commonly known as Bitter bush is a plant originally found in tropical Africa, specifically in the regions of Kenya and Tanzania.
Common Names
The Diospyros cooperi plant is commonly known as Bitter bush, Shinnswood and Mkindu.
General Appearance
Diospyros cooperi is a small, drought-resistant tree that typically grows up to 5 meters in height, although some species can reach up to 11 meters. The plant's bark is grey to black and rough to the touch. The leaves are oval in shape, dark green, and glossy, with a length of 5-15cm. The flowers are small, white, and have a sweet fragrance. The fruit is a yellow, spherical berry, approximately 3cm in diameter when mature.
Uses
The Diospyros cooperi plant has a variety of medicinal properties, especially in anti-inflammatory treatment. The leaves are known to relieve several ailments including stomach pains, sore throats, and headaches. It is also commonly used to treat malaria and infections. Additionally, the wood of the tree is used for carving local instruments, and the fruit is sometimes eaten.
Light Conditions
Diospyros cooperi grows best in full sun or partial shade. It tolerates very low light but extended periods of shade will lead to a weak plant with poor flowering and fruiting.
Temperature
Diospyros cooperi is native to tropical African regions, hence it thrives best in warm to hot conditions. The recommended temperature range for optimal growth is between 21 - 27 degrees Celsius. Temperatures below 18 degrees Celsius may cause leaf drop, while temperatures above 32 degrees Celsius may cause leaf scorching and fruit damage.
Soil
The plant prefers a deep and well-drained soil that provides adequate moisture retention. It grows best in fertile soils that are rich in organic matter and have a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5, well-drained soils with high organic matter are particularly favoured. The ideal soil type for D. cooperi is sandy loam, furthermore, the plant does not tolerate saline soils and saltwater intrusion.
Cultivation of Diospyros Cooperi (Hutch. & Dalziel) F.White
Diospyros Cooperi (Hutch. & Dalziel) F.White, commonly known as forest star apple, is a tropical tree that thrives in warm temperatures and humid conditions.
It is a slow-growing tree that can reach up to 20 meters in height. It is best suited for outdoor cultivation in tropical or subtropical climates.
Watering Needs
The forest star apple tree requires regular watering to thrive. During the growing season, it needs consistent moisture, but avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. A well-draining soil is essential.
The frequency of watering will depend on the temperature and humidity of your environment. In general, the tree should be watered thoroughly every 7-10 days or when the soil becomes dry to the touch.
Fertilization
When fertilizing the Diospyros Cooperi (Hutch. & Dalziel) F.White tree, it is important to use a balanced fertilizer with a higher ratio of nitrogen for younger trees and a higher ratio of phosphorus and potassium for mature trees.
During the growing season, it is recommended to fertilize every 4-6 weeks. Use a slow-release fertilizer and avoid applying it too close to the trunk of the tree.
Pruning
Pruning is an important aspect of the care of Diospyros Cooperi (Hutch. & Dalziel) F.White tree. It helps to remove dead or diseased branches and encourages healthy growth.
Prune the tree during the winter months while it is dormant. Use clean and sharp tools to make clean cuts and avoid damaging the tree. The tree can be pruned into a central leader or open center form depending on your preference.
Propagation of Diospyros cooperi
The propagation of Diospyros cooperi (Hutch. & Dalziel) F.White can be done through various methods, namely:
Seeds
Seeds can be used for the propagation of Diospyros cooperi. They are best sown immediately after collection since they have a short viability period. The seeds should be collected from a parent tree that is healthy, vigorous and has desirable characteristics. The seeds should be placed in a well-prepared seedbed that is free of weeds. The soil should be well-drained, and the seeds should be sown at a depth of 1-2cm. The seedbed should be kept moist, and germination should occur within 21-28 days.
Cuttings
Cuttings can also be used to propagate Diospyros cooperi. Hardwood cuttings are the most commonly used. Cuttings should be taken from a healthy parent tree and should be approximately 20-25cm long and have a diameter of 0.5-1cm. The cuttings should be taken during the dormant season and should be dipped in a rooting hormone before being planted in a well-prepared propagation bed. The soil should be well-drained, and the cuttings should be planted at a depth of 10-15cm. The propagation bed should be kept moist, and rooting should occur within 2-3 months.
Grafting
Grafting is another method that can be used to propagate Diospyros cooperi. The most commonly used method is the whip and tongue grafting. Rootstock should be selected based on their compatibility with the scion. The scion should be taken from a parent tree with desirable characteristics. Grafting should be done during the dormant season, and the grafted plants should be kept under a misting system until the union is formed, usually within 4-6 weeks.
Disease Management
Diospyros cooperi plants can be affected by several diseases such as anthracnose, leaf spot, and powdery mildew. Anthracnose is a fungal disease that causes dark spots to appear on leaves, stems, and fruit. Leaf spot is a similar fungal disease that causes spots on leaves, turning them yellow and causing them to drop prematurely. Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that causes a white powdery coating on leaves and fruit.
To manage these diseases, it is important to maintain proper plant hygiene and sanitation by removing fallen leaves and fruit from the ground. Fungicides may be used as a preventative measure or as a treatment option if the disease is already present. It is important to use the appropriate fungicide for the specific disease present.
Pest Management
The Diospyros cooperi plant can also be affected by various pests such as aphids, thrips, and mites. Aphids are small insects that suck sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and a deformed appearance. Thrips are tiny insects that also suck the sap from the plant, causing scarring and browning of the fruit. Mites cause discoloration and distortion of leaves and fruit, and can cause the plant to defoliate prematurely.
To manage these pests, it is important to regularly inspect the plant and monitor for any signs of infestation. Insecticidal soaps, neem oil, and horticultural oils can be used as a treatment option. It is also important to release natural predators, such as ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps, to help control the pest population.
