Overview
Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth, also known as Three-leaved yam and Cush-cush yam, is a species of flowering plant that belongs to the family of Dioscoreaceae. It is native to South America and widely cultivated in other parts of the world for its edible tubers that are known for their unique aroma and flavor.
General Appearance
The plant's stem is woody and can reach up to 5 meters in length. Its leaves are arranged alternately, with three ovate or lanceolate leaflets with pointed tips. The leaves have a glossy dark green color on the upper surface and lighter green on the underside. The plant produces small greenish-yellow flowers and small capsule fruits that contain numerous flat, winged seeds.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as Three-leaved yam and Cush-cush yam in English, while in Spanish it is called Barbasco and Peru sahina, among other names.
Uses
Dioscorea triphylla is mainly cultivated for its edible tubers that are consumed cooked, roasted or fried. The tubers are high in carbohydrates, dietary fibers, vitamins, and minerals, making them a valuable food source in many cultures. In addition to its culinary uses, the plant has a long history of use in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including inflammation, fever, and digestive problems.
Growth Conditions for Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth
Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth, commonly known as amazonian yam, is a climbing vine that thrives in moist, tropical environments. Below are the typical growth conditions required for optimal growth.
Light Requirements
As a tropical plant, Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth requires ample amounts of sunlight for optimal growth. It is recommended to grow the plant in areas with partial shade or full sunlight. Direct sunlight for prolonged periods can cause damage to the plant and should be avoided.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the growth of Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth is between 25°C to 35°C. The plant is intolerant to frost, and temperatures below 20°C can cause considerable harm, leading to stunted growth or even death.
Soil Requirements
Amazonian yam grows best in well-drained soils with ample organic matter, pH range from 5.5 to 6.5, and a high water-holding capacity. Additionally, the texture of the soil should be light, aerated, and free from heavy metals, which can harm the plant. As the plant is native to tropical forests, it flourishes in soils with high humidity.
It is essential to provide a suitable growing environment to encourage the healthy growth of Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth. By ensuring that the plant receives adequate light, temperature, and nutrients, you can help it to develop optimally and produce healthy, nutritious tubers for consumption.
Cultivation of Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth
Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth, commonly referred to as the Three-Leaf Yam, is a tropical vine that is native to South America. In cultivation, it prefers a warm and humid climate, with temperatures ranging between 21 to 30°C. The plant requires support for optimal growth, and trellis or arbors should be used for this purpose. Moreover, the plant should be grown in well-draining soil rich in organic matter.
Watering needs
The Three-Leaf Yam requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. The soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged, and it's essential to monitor the soil moisture level regularly. The plant is intolerant to drought, and water stress can affect its growth and yield. Watering the plant in the early morning or late afternoon is recommended, as this allows the soil to absorb water efficiently.
Fertilization
Applying the right fertilizers is crucial for the growth and yield of the Three-Leaf Yam. The plant requires a balanced supply of nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The application of organic fertilizers like compost and manure should be done before planting to prepare the soil for planting. In addition, applying a balanced fertilizer with NPK ratio of 10-10-10, at a rate of 150g per plant, every two months can also help improve yield.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to manage the growth of the Three-Leaf Yam, and it also helps improve ventilation and sunlight penetration. The vines should be pruned regularly to keep them from sprawling, and to promote the development of side shoots. Moreover, dead or diseased leaves should be removed promptly to prevent the spread of diseases. Pruning should be done during the dormant season, as this minimizes plant stress and promotes healthy growth in the following season.
Propagation of Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth
Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth, also known as the Three-leaved yam, is a perennial vine that belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae. This plant is native to South America and is widely grown for food and medicinal purposes.
Propagation Methods
Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth can be propagated through seeds, stem cuttings, or tubers. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages.
Seed Propagation
The propagation of Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth can be done through seeds. The seeds should be collected from mature fruits, and they should be sown immediately. The seeds should be sown in well-drained soil and kept moist. The seedlings will emerge after two to three weeks, and they should be transplanted when they reach six inches in height.
Stem Cutting Propagation
Stem cuttings can also be used to propagate Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth. The stem cuttings should be taken from mature plants with at least two nodes, and they should be planted in well-drained soil. The cuttings should be covered with a plastic bag or glass jar to create a humid environment, and they should be kept in an area with indirect sunlight. The stem cuttings will root within four to six weeks, and they can be transplanted to their final location.
Tuber Propagation
Finally, Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth can be propagated through tubers. The tubers should be harvested from mature plants, and they should be stored in a cool, dry place. The tubers should be planted during the next growing season, and they should be covered with soil. The tubers will sprout and produce new shoots, which can be thinned when they reach six inches in height.
Overall, the propagation of Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth is easy and can be done through different methods. The propagation method used will depend on the grower's preference and the availability of planting materials.
Disease Management
The plant Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth is susceptible to a few diseases that can cause serious damage to the plant. The common diseases that affect the plant include:
- Anthracnose: This disease causes dark-brown to black spots on the leaves, stems, and fruits of the plant. To manage anthracnose, it is recommended to remove and destroy infected plant parts and apply fungicides.
- Leaf spots: Leaf spots are caused by various fungal pathogens and are characterized by dark spots on the leaves. To manage leaf spots, remove and destroy infected leaves and apply fungicides.
- Root rot: This disease causes the roots of the plant to rot, leading to yellowing and wilting of the plant. To manage root rot, avoid over-watering the plant and apply fungicides.
Pest Management
Dioscorea triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth is vulnerable to a few pests that can damage the plant. The common pests that affect the plant include:
- Aphids: These are small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage aphids, apply insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Spider mites: These are tiny arachnids that feed on the underside of leaves, causing yellowing and curling of the leaves. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with water or apply insecticidal soap.
- Cutworms: Cutworms are caterpillars that feed on the stems of the plant, causing them to wilt and eventually die. To manage cutworms, apply insecticides or use physical barriers, such as collars, around the stems.
Regular monitoring of the plant and prompt action to manage diseases and pests can help protect D. triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth and ensure healthy growth.
