Overview
Dioscorea stellato-pilosa De Wild., also known as Star Hair Yam, is a species of yam that belongs to the Dioscoreaceae family. It is native to Central Africa, where it grows primarily in Cameroon, Gabon, and Congo. The plant has remarkable medicinal properties and is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat several ailments. The species is named after the star-shaped hair present on its leaves.Appearance
Dioscorea stellato-pilosa is a climbing perennial vine that can grow up to 6 meters in length. The plant has a woody stem, which is around 2cm in diameter, and produces twining tendrils that help it climb. The leaves of the plant are heart-shaped, bright green, and have a rough texture. The distinguishing feature of the species is the star-shaped hair that covers the leaves' surface, giving it a unique appearance. The plant produces a tuber, which is an edible part of the plant, and can grow up to 25cm long and 7cm in diameter.Common Names
The plant is known by various common names in different regions, including Star Hair Yam, Pilose Yam, and Éléphantira, in French-speaking countries.Uses
Dioscorea stellato-pilosa has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat several ailments such as fever, diarrhea, and cough. The plant contains several active compounds like saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which are believed to give it its medicinal properties. The tubers are rich in starch and are used as a source of dietary fiber and energy. Additionally, the plant is used as an ornamental plant to decorate gardens and homes. In conclusion, Dioscorea stellato-pilosa is a plant with medicinal properties, a unique appearance, and a source of food. The plant's ability to climb and its star-shaped hair make it a fascinating species to observe, while its numerous medicinal properties make it a valuable plant in traditional medicine.Light Requirements
Dioscorea stellato-pilosa De Wild. is a plant that prefers moderate to bright light conditions. It is found to thrive in partial sun or dappled shade, which means it requires about four to six hours of sunlight per day to grow healthy and robust. Direct sunlight is not recommended as it can scorch the leaves and damage the plant.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is adaptable to varying temperatures and has been found to grow well in a wide range of temperature conditions. However, it prefers warm to hot temperatures and grows best at a temperature range of 20°C - 30°C (68°F - 86°F). The ideal growing temperature for this plant is around 25°C (77°F). It cannot tolerate frost or freeze, and care should be taken not to expose it to temperatures below 10°C (50°F).
Soil Requirements
Dioscorea stellato-pilosa De Wild. grows best in well-draining and loamy soil that is rich in nutrients. The soil should have a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 6.0 - 7.0. It requires a soil that can hold moisture for extended periods but is not waterlogged. Adding organic matter to the soil enhances the quality of the soil and improves the growth of the plant. The plant also requires good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases, which is aided by the soil structure.
Cultivation methods
Dioscorea stellato-pilosa De Wild., also known as Star Hair yam, is a tropical climbing plant that requires a warm and humid environment to grow and mature. To cultivate this plant, you will need to provide it with partial shade, ample space for growth and use an excellent quality potting soil. It is best to propagate this plant from seeds or cuttings. After planting, make sure to provide moisture to the plant regularly and maintain a warm and humid environment.Watering needs
Dioscorea stellato-pilosa De Wild. requires frequent watering and prefers moist soil. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Water the plant early in the day so that any excess moisture can evaporate before evening. It is best to water the plant twice a week during the growing season.Fertilization
To ensure the plant has enough nutrients, add a balanced liquid fertilizer during the growing season. Apply fertilizer once every two weeks to help promote growth. Also, consider adding organic matter such as compost to the soil to boost fertility.Pruning
Pruning helps to maintain the shape and size of the plant and also promotes new growth. Pruning this plant should be done in the dormant season. Remove any damaged or diseased branches to keep the plant healthy. Additionally, prune any overly long stems and twining tendrils, as this can help to keep the plant tidy and well-structured.Propagation methods of Dioscorea stellato-pilosa De Wild.
Dioscorea stellato-pilosa De Wild., commonly known as the star-haired yam, is a vine plant species that belongs to the Dioscoreaceae family. It is native to tropical regions of Africa and is primarily propagated through tubers and stem cuttings.
Tuber propagation
Tuber propagation is the most common and efficient method of propagating Dioscorea stellato-pilosa. The tubers produced by the mother plant should be dug out during the dormant season. Each tuber should weigh at least 100 g and have at least one bud.
The tubers should be washed and treated with a fungicide before planting. Plant the tubers about 10-15 cm deep into the soil with the bud facing upwards. The plant should be placed in a sunny location with well-drained soil. Keep the soil moist, but avoid overwatering.
The tubers will sprout within 3-4 weeks, and the plant will grow rapidly if it is well taken care of. The vine will reach a length of 2-3 meters in the first season.
Stem cutting propagation
Propagation through stem cuttings is also possible for Dioscorea stellato-pilosa. Cuttings should be taken from an actively growing vine during the rainy season. The cutting should be 10-15 cm long and have at least two leaves.
Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone and plant it in a potting mix or directly into the ground. Keep the soil moist and place the container or planted cutting in a shaded location. The cutting will develop roots within 3-4 weeks and can be transplanted to its permanent location.
Propagation through stem cuttings has a lower success rate than tuber propagation, but it is still an option for growers who don't have access to tubers or prefer this method.
Disease and Pest Management for Dioscorea stellato-pilosa De Wild.
Dioscorea stellato-pilosa De Wild. is a plant species that belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae. It is commonly known as the spiny yam or wild yam. The plant is used for its edible tubers, which are rich in starch. To ensure the maximum growth and yield of Dioscorea stellato-pilosa De Wild, it is essential to protect it from various diseases and pests that can adversely affect its development. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and some ways to manage them:
Common Diseases
Virus Diseases: Yam mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus are the two prominent virus diseases that attack Dioscorea stellato-pilosa De Wild. These diseases cause stunted growth and leaf malformation in the affected plant. Unfortunately, these diseases cannot be controlled once they have infected the plant. Hence, the best way to combat these diseases is to prevent them by using only virus-free planting materials.
Fungal Diseases: Dioscorea stellato-pilosa De Wild. is susceptible to fungal diseases like anthracnose, black rot, and powdery mildew. These diseases can cause wilting, leaf spots, and rotting of the plant. To control these diseases, it is essential to maintain good field hygiene practices and avoid overwatering the plants. Additionally, Fungicides like Mancozeb and Copper Oxychloride can be used to control the spread of these fungal diseases.
Common Pests
Yam Beetle: The Yam beetle is a common pest that attacks Dioscorea stellato-pilosa De Wild. The larvae of this beetle eat away at the plant's tubers, causing significant damage to the yield. To manage this pest, it is essential to check the plants regularly for signs of damage and remove any infested parts. Additionally, insecticides like Carbofuran and Chlorpyrifos can be used to control the pests' spread.
Root-Knot Nematode: The Root-Knot Nematode is a microscopic worm that feeds on the plant's roots, causing significant damage to the plant's growth. To manage this pest, it is essential to keep the plant's soil healthy and well-drained. Additionally, crop rotation can be practiced to reduce the nematode's population, and nematicides like Carbofuran can be used to control their spread.
In conclusion, managing the diseases and pests of Dioscorea stellato-pilosa De Wild. is crucial for the plant's growth and yield. By implementing the measures mentioned above, farmers can ensure the health and productivity of their yam plants and obtain excellent yields.
