Overview of Digitaria scalarum (Schweinf.) Chiov. var. elgonensis C.E.Hubb.
Digitaria scalarum (Schweinf.) Chiov. var. elgonensis C.E.Hubb. is a plant species that is native to African regions including Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania.
Common Names
This plant species is commonly referred to as Elgon fingergrass among other names.
Appearance
The Elgon fingergrass is an annual grass that usually grows up to 60 centimeters in height. It has long, slim leaves that are dark green in color. The stem of the grass is usually branched and its inflorescence consists of slender spikelets . Its seeds are also small, round and brown in color.
Uses
The Digitaria scalarum (Schweinf.) Chiov. var. elgonensis C.E.Hubb. plant is commonly used as a forage crop for livestock in many African regions. It is known to have high nutritional content and can be used to supplement livestock diets. The plant also has medicinal properties and has been used in traditional African medicine to treat various ailments including stomachaches and respiratory disorders.
Light Requirements
Digitaria scalarum var. elgonensis is an open-sunlight plant and requires a minimum of 6 hours of direct, uninterrupted sunlight every day. The plant can also grow in partially shaded areas, but full-sun exposure is preferable for optimal growth.
Temperature Requirements
This plant thrives in warm temperatures and prefers a temperature range of 21°C to 27°C (70°F to 80°F). It is sensitive to frost and cannot tolerate low temperatures, so it is best to protect it during cold winter months.
Soil Requirements
Digitaria scalarum var. elgonensis prefers well-drained, sandy soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 5.5 to 7.0. The soil should be rich in organic matter and nutrients, as the plant requires adequate nourishment for proper growth. The plant can tolerate a variety of soil types but does best in soil that does not become waterlogged.
Cultivation of Digitaria scalarum var. elgonensis
Digitaria scalarum var. elgonensis is best grown in areas with well-drained soil and partial to full sun exposure. The plant prefers a warm climate, with temperatures between 18 and 25°C. It can tolerate a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils.
For best results, seeds should be sown during the spring or early summer months. The seeds should be planted at a depth of 1 to 2 cm, and the distance between each seed should be approximately 30 cm. Once the plant has established itself, it can be propagated through division or stem cuttings.
Watering Needs
Digitaria scalarum var. elgonensis requires moderate watering. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. It is important to avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. Watering should be reduced during the winter months.
Fertilization
Digitaria scalarum var. elgonensis does not require frequent fertilization. However, adding compost or a slow-release fertilizer during the growing season can help promote vigorous growth. The fertilizer should be applied to the soil around the base of the plant, and the soil should be watered immediately after application.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Digitaria scalarum var. elgonensis. However, removing dead or diseased stems can help improve the overall health of the plant. If the plant becomes too dense, dividing it can help promote healthy growth. Dividing should be done during the spring when the plant is actively growing.
Propagation of Digitaria scalarum var. elgonensis
Digitaria scalarum var. elgonensis is primarily propagated through seeds and vegetative cuttings.
Propagation through Seeds
Seeds of Digitaria scalarum var. elgonensis require a stratification period before sowing. The seeds are typically sown during spring or early summer, in well-draining soil with a pH of 6-7. The soil needs to be kept moist, but not waterlogged, until germination. Germination typically occurs within 14-21 days.
Propagation through Vegetative Cuttings
Digitaria scalarum var. elgonensis can also be propagated through vegetative cuttings. The cuttings are typically taken from healthy, disease-free plants during the growing season. The cuttings should be taken from stems that are 3-4 inches in length, and should have a few nodes present. Remove the leaves from the lower nodes, and place the cutting in well-draining soil. Keep the soil moist, but not waterlogged. The cutting should develop roots within 2-4 weeks.
Disease Management
Digitaria scalarum (Schweinf.) Chiov. var. elgonensis C.E.Hubb. can be affected by various diseases, including leaf spot, rust, and smut. These diseases can cause discoloration, wilting, and deformation of the leaves and stems. To manage these diseases, it is important to maintain good plant hygiene by removing infected plant debris and avoiding overwatering. Additionally, applying fungicides can help control the spread of disease. In cases of severe infestation, it may be necessary to remove infected plants entirely to prevent further spread of the disease.
Pest Management
The plant is also susceptible to attacks by various pests such as aphids, grasshoppers, and cutworms. These pests can cause damage to the leaves and stems, leading to reduced plant growth and yield. To manage these pests, cultural control methods such as crop rotation and early detection are crucial. Additionally, applying insecticides can help control the pests' population. It is important to follow manufacturer instructions when using insecticides to prevent plant damage. Additionally, attracting beneficial insects such as ladybugs and lacewings can help control the number of pests by predation.
