Origin and Common Names
Digitaria mombasana, also known as Mombasa fingergrass, is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is native to eastern and tropical Africa, specifically Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Somalia, Ethiopia, and Mozambique.
The plant is commonly known as Mombasa grass, Mombasa finger millet, and Kikiyu grass.
Uses
Digitaria mombasana has several uses, mainly as a forage grass for livestock. It is highly nutritious and palatable, making it a great source of food for animals. The grass is also used for erosion control and as an ornamental plant.
In traditional medicine, the plant's leaves and roots are used to treat various ailments such as stomachache, fever, and eye infections.
General Appearance
Digitaria mombasana is a perennial grass that forms tufts or clumps. It can grow up to 1.5 meters in height and has slender stems with nodes that give it a finger-like appearance. The leaves are linear, pointed, and range from 5-35 cm in length and 1-12 mm wide.
The flowers are borne in panicles that can be up to 35 cm long, with spikelets that are 2-3 mm long and green or purple in color. The plant typically grows in open grasslands, savannas, and disturbed areas.
Light Requirements
Digitaria mombasana C.E.Hubb. plant typically requires full sun and at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. It can tolerate partial shade in cooler climates but may not thrive in shaded areas. Therefore, it is essential to place the plant in a bright location that receives plenty of natural light.
Temperature Requirements
Digitaria mombasana C.E.Hubb. plant thrives in warm climates, with an optimal temperature range of 20°C to 35°C. However, the plant can tolerate moderately hot temperatures of up to 38°C but will require regular watering to keep it hydrated. The plant is intolerant to frost and low temperatures and may die if exposed to extreme cold conditions.
Soil Requirements
The Digitaria mombasana C.E.Hubb. plant prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The ideal pH range for the soil is between 5.5 to 7.5. Sandy loam, clay loam, and red earth soils with good drainage qualities are the most suitable for the plant’s growth. Soil that is too heavily compacted and clayey may cause waterlogging and lead to root rot. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the soil is loose and well-aerated to allow for proper water infiltration and root development.
Cultivation Methods
Digitaria mombasana C.E.Hubb. is a warm-season grass species that requires full sun exposure for optimal growth. It thrives in well-drained soils but can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy and clay soils. The plant can be propagated through seeding or sodding.
Watering Needs
Digitaria mombasana C.E.Hubb. requires regular watering during the growing season, especially when young. The plant can tolerate drought once established, but it's important to keep the soil moist to encourage active growth. Watering should be done deeply and less often to prevent soil saturation, which can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
Fertilizing Digitaria mombasana C.E.Hubb. is essential to maintain healthy growth and development. It's best to apply a balanced fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 3:1:2. Fertilizers should be applied during the growing season, as the plant requires more nutrients to support its growth.
Pruning
Pruning Digitaria mombasana C.E.Hubb. is not necessary as it is low maintenance. However, dead leaves and stems should be removed regularly to enhance the plant's aesthetic appeal and promote healthy growth. It is also best to trim the foliage to a height of 2-3 inches during the dormant season to prevent thatch build-up and promote new shoot growth during the next growing season.
Propagation of Digitaria mombasana C.E. Hubb.
Digitaria mombasana C.E. Hubb. can be propagated through seeds and vegetative means.
Propagation through seeds
The seeds of Digitaria mombasana C.E. Hubb. can be obtained from mature plants and can be sown directly in the soil. The soil should be prepared by adding compost or well-rotted manure. The seeds should be sown in shallow furrows and covered lightly with soil. Watering should be done immediately after sowing and regularly thereafter until the seeds germinate. The ideal time for sowing the seeds is during the rainy season.
Vegetative propagation
Digitaria mombasana C.E. Hubb. can also be propagated vegetatively through stem cuttings and division of rhizomes. To propagate through stem cuttings, stem sections of about 10 cm in length with at least two nodes should be cut from healthy plants. The cuttings should be planted in prepared soil and kept moist until roots develop. Division of rhizomes involves separating the rhizomes from the parent plant and planting them separately in prepared soil.
It is important to note that both seedlings and vegetative cuttings should be protected from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures until they establish themselves.
Disease and Pest Management for Digitaria mombasana C.E.Hubb.
Digitaria mombasana C.E.Hubb., commonly known as Mombasa grass, is a tropical grass that is commonly used for pasture and turf. Unfortunately, there are a number of diseases and pests that can affect this plant.
Diseases
One of the most common diseases that can affect Digitaria mombasana is leaf spot. This disease is caused by several different species of fungi and can result in circular, tan or brown spots on the leaves. In severe cases, the leaves may become distorted or fall off the plant.
To manage leaf spot, it is important to avoid overwatering and to remove any infected plant material from the area. Fungicides may also be effective in controlling the disease.
Another disease that can affect Digitaria mombasana is root rot. This disease is caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani and can result in wilted, yellowed plants with rotting roots.
To manage root rot, it is important to avoid overwatering and to plant in well-draining soil. Fungicides may also be effective in controlling the disease.
Pests
There are several pests that can affect Digitaria mombasana, including armyworms, cutworms, and grasshoppers. These pests can cause damage to the leaves and stems of the plant, resulting in reduced growth and yield.
To manage these pests, it is important to scout for infestations and remove any affected plant material. Insecticides may also be effective in controlling the pests, but it is important to use them judiciously to avoid harm to beneficial insects and pollinators.
Overall, managing diseases and pests in Digitaria mombasana requires a combination of preventative measures, monitoring, and targeted control strategies. By taking these steps, it is possible to maintain healthy and productive stands of this valuable plant.
