Origin and Common Names
Digitaria melanochila Stapf, also known as Blackstem Crabgrass, is a member of the Poaceae family and is native to East Africa. It is commonly found in countries like Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda.Uses
This plant is mainly used as a fodder for livestock due to its high nutritional value. It is also used for soil conservation and erosion control due to its ability to withstand harsh climatic conditions. Some indigenous communities also use it for medicinal purposes, such as treating diarrhea and dysentery.General Appearance
Digitaria melanochila Stapf is an annual grass that grows up to 1 meter tall. It has a shallow root system, and its stems are usually bent or prostrate. The plant's leaves are about 5-15 cm long and 2-8 mm wide, with a sharp apex and a pointed tip. It produces purplish flower spikes about 2-15 cm long, which turn brown when mature. The seeds are small and brown, with a smooth surface and sparse hairs. The most distinguishing feature of this plant is the blackish-purple coloration of its stem, which sets it apart from other species of the Digitaria genus.Light Conditions
The plant Digitaria melanochila Stapf prefers full sun and direct light. It thrives in locations where it can receive at least 6-8 hours of sunlight every day. However, it can also tolerate partial shade but may affect its growth and density.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is suitable for warm and humid climates. The ideal temperature range for the growth of Digitaria melanochila Stapf is about 18°C to 35°C. But, it can also withstand relatively cool temperatures down to 10°C.
Soil Requirements
The plant is adaptable to different types of soils but prefers moist and well-drained soil. It grows well in sandy loams and clay loams with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter and nutrients to sustain its growth and development. However, it is not tolerant to waterlogged soils and may cause stunted growth or even death.
Cultivation Methods
Digitaria melanochila Stapf is commonly grown in tropical and subtropical regions. It prefers well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. Sow the seeds at a depth of about 1cm and maintain a spacing of 5-10cm between plants. The best time to plant Digitaria melanochila Stapf is during the rainy season.
Watering Needs
Digitaria melanochila Stapf requires regular watering, especially during the dry season. Water the plants deeply once a week or more frequently during hot and dry weather. Avoid overwatering as it promotes root rot and other diseases that can damage the plant.
Fertilization
Digitaria melanochila Stapf is not a heavy feeder. Nonetheless, to promote growth and development, it's essential to fertilize the plant periodically with a balanced fertilizer. Apply quick-release fertilizer once every three months or use slow-release fertilizer twice a year.
Pruning
Pruning isn't necessary for Digitaria melanochila Stapf. However, if you want to keep the plant looking neat and tidy, you can trim it to remove any old, dying, or discolored leaves. Use sharp and clean pruning shears to avoid damaging the plant. You can also cut the inflorescences when they start to fade to improve the overall appearance of the plant.
Propagation of Digitaria melanochila Stapf
Digitaria melanochila Stapf, commonly known as Blackseed fingergrass, is a warm-season perennial grass primarily found in Africa.
Seed Propagation
The plant is commonly propagated by seeds, which can be easily collected from the plant during the blooming season. The seeds should be collected, cleaned, and stored in a cool and dry place. They can be directly sown in the soil during the spring season or started indoors and then transferred outside once they have germinated and the weather is warm enough.
Division
Another method of propagation is through division. This method involves dividing the mature clumps of the plant into smaller parts and replanting them in separate containers or directly into the ground. The ideal time for division is during the spring season before the plant starts actively growing.
Root Stems
Blackseed fingergrass can also be propagated through root stems, which involves planting roots horizontally in furrows. The roots are covered with soil and watered as necessary.
Overall, propagation of Digitaria melanochila Stapf can be achieved through different methods, allowing the plant to be propagated easily and efficiently.
Disease Management
Digitaria melanochila Stapf is a relatively disease-resistant plant. However, it can still fall prey to various diseases, such as:
- Brown patch disease: This disease is caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, which results in large brown patches in the lawn. Proper watering, fertilization, mowing practices, and the use of fungicides can control the disease.
- Leaf spot: This fungal disease is caused by Bipolaris spp. and results in oval-shaped, tan lesions with dark borders. Appropriate watering, fertilization, and the removal of infected debris can prevent the spread of the disease.
- Pythium blight: This disease is caused by Pythium spp. and results in small brown patches with a cottony texture. Good drainage and proper mowing practices can control Pythium blight.
Preventive measures are the primary method for managing diseases. Keeping the plant healthy through proper watering, fertilization, and pruning practices can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of disease. In addition, the use of disease-resistant cultivars can help control the onset of disease.
Pest Management
Digitaria melanochila Stapf is susceptible to various pests, such as:
- Sod webworms: These pests feed on the leaves and stems of the plant and can cause severe damage. Proper cultural practices and the use of insecticides can control the problem.
- Grubs: These pests are the larvae of various beetles and feed on plant roots, leading to significant damage. The use of insecticides can control the problem.
- Chinch bugs: These pests suck plant sap, leading to damage and even death. The use of insecticides can control the problem.
Preventive measures are the primary method for managing pests. Monitoring the plant for signs of pest infestation, such as ragged leaves, and timely application of insecticides can significantly reduce pest infestation. In addition, using resistant cultivars can help control pest infestation.
