Origin and Common Names
Digitaria kasamaensis Van der Veken is a species of perennial grass that belongs to the family Poaceae. The plant is native to Zambia and was first discovered in the Kasama district in 1970. Digitaria kasamaensis is commonly known as Kasama grass and is widely distributed in the southern and eastern parts of Africa.
Uses
Kasama grass is an important forage crop for livestock in Zambia and other parts of Africa. It is also utilized for soil conservation due to its deep root structure which helps in preventing soil erosion. In addition, the grass can be used for thatching roofs and making baskets, mats, and other traditional crafts.
General Appearance
Digitaria kasamaensis is a perennial grass that grows up to 120 cm in height. The leaves are narrow, with a width of about 5 mm, and a length of up to 25 cm. The inflorescence is a panicle, which is up to 25 cm long and 10 cm wide. The flowers are arranged in spikes and have a greenish-white or reddish-purple color. The plant can grow in a variety of soils and climatic conditions and requires moderate rainfall.
Light Requirements
The plant Digitaria kasamaensis Van der Veken requires full sun exposure for optimum growth. It thrives in bright light and can withstand high intensity of direct sunlight. Therefore, it is best to place it in an area receiving at least six hours of direct sunlight daily.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers warm temperatures ranging from 15 to 30 degrees Celsius. It can tolerate high temperatures but not frost. Freezing temperature can cause damage to the plant and may lead to stunted growth. Therefore, it is best to grow the plant in regions with tropical or subtropical climates.
Soil Requirements
Digitaria kasamaensis Van der Veken thrives in well-draining soil that retains some moisture. The perfect soil would be a mix of sand and loam with a slightly acidic to neutral pH level. It can grow in various soil types, including clay, loam, and sandy soil, as long as the soil is well-draining. The addition of organic matter can also provide additional nutrients and improve water retention in the soil.
Cultivation Methods
Digitaria kasamaensis thrives in warm and humid climates. It is best grown in well-drained soil, rich in organic matter. The plant prefers full sun to partial shade for optimum growth. It can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings. Sow the seeds in spring or summer in beds with loose soil, keeping them moist until they germinate. Stem cuttings can be taken from the mother plant and rooted in soil or water.
Watering Needs
Digitaria kasamaensis requires moderate watering, particularly during the growing season. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. It is best to water the plant in the morning or evening, avoiding the hottest hours of the day. In cooler weather, reduce the amount of water to prevent overwatering and root rot.
Fertilization
To promote healthy growth and optimal flowering, fertilize Digitaria kasamaensis at least twice a year. Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer during the spring and summer. Apply the fertilizer to the soil around the plant, avoiding contact with the leaves or stem. Also, supplement with foliar fertilizers, as needed.
Pruning
Digitaria kasamaensis does not require frequent pruning, except to remove dead or diseased foliage. Prune away the unneeded stems and leaves at the base, using sharp, sterilized shears. Be cautious not to cut too much foliage, as that can affect the plant's growth and health. Prune the plant after the flowering season to encourage new growth.
Propagation of Digitaria kasamaensis Van der Veken
Digitaria kasamaensis Van der Veken can be propagated through seeds, stem cuttings, and division of established clumps.
Seed propagation
Seeds of Digitaria kasamaensis Van der Veken can be sown in pots or directly into the ground. The best time to sow seeds is in spring when the soil temperature reaches at least 18°C. Prepare the soil by loosening it and removing any weeds or debris. Sow the seeds about 1-2 cm deep and cover them lightly with soil. Water sufficiently and keep the soil moist until the seeds germinate, which may take 1-3 weeks.
Stem cutting propagation
Stem cuttings of Digitaria kasamaensis Van der Veken can be taken from mature plants during the growing season. Select healthy stems and cut them into pieces about 10-15 cm long. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the stem and insert it into a pot or prepared site in the ground. Water well and keep the soil moist until new growth appears.
Division propagation
Established clumps of Digitaria kasamaensis Van der Veken can be divided in spring or early autumn. Dig up the clump and carefully separate it into smaller sections, each with roots and shoots. Replant the sections in the ground or in pots and water well.
Disease Management for Digitaria kasamaensis Van der Veken
Digitaria kasamaensis Van der Veken is generally a healthy plant, but it can be affected by some fungal diseases, which can cause stunting or yellowing of the leaves. These diseases can be managed by removing infected plant parts as soon as possible. Also, make sure to avoid overhead watering and ensure proper spacing between plants to reduce humidity. Fungicide applications can be effective in managing severe cases.
Pest Management for Digitaria kasamaensis Van der Veken
The most common pests of Digitaria kasamaensis Van der Veken are grasshoppers, cutworms, and armyworms. These pests can cause significant damage to the leaves and stems of the plant, resulting in stunting or even death if the infestation is severe. The best way to manage these pests is to use integrated pest management methods. This includes monitoring your plants regularly for signs of pest damage, using physical barriers like nets, and introducing predatory insects such as ladybugs to control the population.
