Overview
Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. is a species of grass native to Europe, but now found in many parts of the world, including North America, Asia, and Africa. It is commonly known as smooth crabgrass or small crabgrass and is an annual weed that can quickly spread and invade lawns, gardens, and agricultural fields.
Appearance
Smooth crabgrass has a characteristic appearance with a pale green color and flat stem. It can grow up to 3 feet in diameter and has branches that radiate from the center. The leaves are smooth, rolled in the bud, and can range from 2 to 15 cm in length. The spikelets are clustered in 2-9 finger-like branches and are about 4mm long with a purple or brown color.
Common Names
Digitaria ischaemum is commonly known as smooth crabgrass or small crabgrass. Other names for the plant include hairy crabgrass, smooth finger-grass, and smooth crowfoot grass.
Uses
Digitaria ischaemum is considered a weed and is typically not intentionally grown or cultivated. However, it can have some benefits, such as providing ground cover and preventing erosion. In some parts of the world, the plant has been used as animal feed for livestock, particularly during times of drought when other forage plants are scarce.
hereGrowth Conditions for Digitaria ischaemum
Light: Digitaria ischaemum can grow in full sun to partial shade, although full sun is preferred. The grass is highly adaptable and can grow in a range of light intensities.
Temperature: This plant has a wide range of temperature tolerance and can grow in both warm and cool temperatures. The optimal temperature range for growth is between 20-30°C (68-86°F), but it can withstand both higher and lower temperatures.
Soil: Digitaria ischaemum can grow in a range of soils but it prefers well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. It prefers a soil pH range of 5.5-7.5. Additionally, it can tolerate both acidic and alkaline soils.
Water: This grass is drought tolerant and can survive in dry conditions, but it grows best with moderate levels of moisture. It is important to note that the plant cannot survive in areas that are waterlogged for extended periods of time.
Nutrients: Digitaria ischaemum is not a heavy feeder and can tolerate nutrient-poor soils. However, it will benefit from an occasional fertilization with a balanced fertilizer.
Cultivation
Digitaria ischaemum is a warm-season annual grass that is commonly found in disturbed areas, roadsides, and lawns. It is easy to propagate and grow, making it a popular choice for many gardeners.
It can be propagated using seeds or through division. Seeds can be sown directly into the soil or started indoors and transplanted once the seedlings have grown strong enough.
Watering Needs
Digitaria ischaemum prefers moist soil, but it has a high tolerance for drought. It is important to keep the soil sufficiently moist during the germination phase to ensure that the seedlings develop properly.
Once established, this grass can tolerate extended periods of dryness. However, regular watering will promote lush growth and keep it looking healthy.
Fertilization
Digitaria ischaemum grows in almost any type of soil, but it prefers fertile, well-draining soil. Regular fertilization is recommended to provide the nutrient balance that this grass needs for healthy growth.
It is best to apply a balanced fertilizer in the spring and early fall to ensure there are enough nutrients available for the grass.
Pruning
Digitaria ischaemum does not require pruning. However, mowing the grass occasionally can help maintain its appearance and keep it from becoming too tall and unruly.
Mowing height will depend on the intended use of the grass. If used for a lawn, it is recommended to keep the grass at a height of 2-3 inches. If used as ground cover, it can be allowed to grow taller.
Propagation of Digitaria ischaemum
Digitaria ischaemum, commonly known as smooth crabgrass, is a warm-season annual grass that is native to North America. It is a popular turfgrass for areas that experience hot summers, and it is known for its quick germination and aggressive growth habits. Propagation of Digitaria ischaemum can be done through different methods.
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagation for Digitaria ischaemum is through seeds. The seeds of Digitaria ischaemum are relatively easy to obtain and are readily available in most garden centers or online stores. Sowing the seeds directly into the soil when the weather is warm is the easiest way to propagate the plant. The seeds should be planted in well-prepared soil and kept moist for optimal germination.
It is important to note that Digitaria ischaemum is a warm-season grass, so it should be grown during the warmer months of the year. The seeds should be planted when the soil temperature is at least 60°F, and the air temperature is in the range of 70-80°F.
Vegetative Propagation
Digitaria ischaemum can also be propagated vegetatively by using sod or plugs. Vegetative propagation of this plant involves taking a small piece of the plant, with roots attached, and transplanting it into a new area. This method is faster than seed propagation and is commonly used for turfgrass establishment.
Plugs of Digitaria ischaemum can be planted in a grid pattern, with each plug spaced about six inches apart. This method ensures that the turfgrass establishes quickly and fills in any gaps between the plugs.
Caring for Digitaria ischaemum
Regardless of the propagation method used, proper care of the plant is essential for optimal growth and health. Digitaria ischaemum requires full sun and regular watering to thrive. The soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged. Fertilizing the turfgrass regularly will also help to encourage growth and maintain its green color. Mowing the grass to a height of 2-3 inches will keep it looking neat and tidy, and dethatching it annually will help to remove any dead material and promote healthy growth.
Overall, propagating Digitaria ischaemum is a relatively easy process that can be done by using seeds or vegetative methods. With proper care and maintenance, the plant will provide an attractive and durable turfgrass that will last for several years.
Disease and Pest Management for Digitaria ischaemum
Digitaria ischaemum, commonly known as smooth crabgrass, is a fast-growing annual weed that is widespread across the world. This plant can be affected by different diseases and pests that can reduce its yield and quality. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect Digitaria ischaemum and how to manage them effectively.
Common Diseases
Fusarium Patch: This disease is caused by the fungus Fusarium nivale and is characterized by small, circular patches of dead grass. To manage Fusarium patch, avoid overwatering your lawn, promote proper drainage, and improve soil aeration. You can also apply fungicides if the disease becomes severe.
Rust: This disease is caused by the fungus Puccinia spp. and is characterized by yellow to orange pustules on the leaves of the plant. To manage rust, mow your lawn regularly to improve air circulation, avoid overfertilization, and apply fungicides if the disease becomes severe.
Dollar Spot: This disease is caused by the fungus Sclerotinia homeocarpa and is characterized by small, silver-dollar-sized patches of dead grass. To manage dollar spot, reduce soil moisture by watering less frequently, practice good lawn maintenance, and apply fungicides if necessary.
Common Pests
White Grubs: These are the larvae of several species of beetles and can cause extensive damage to the roots of the plant. To manage white grubs, use natural predators like nematodes, birds, and toads, or apply insecticides if the infestation becomes severe.
Chinch Bugs: These pests are small, black bugs with white wings that suck the sap from the leaves of the plant. To manage chinch bugs, mow your lawn regularly to improve air circulation, use insecticides, or introduce natural predators like birds and spiders.
Sod Webworms: These are the larvae of several species of moths that cut the grass blades at the base. To manage sod webworms, use natural predators like nematodes, birds, and toads, or apply insecticides if the infestation becomes severe.
By following these disease and pest management techniques, you can safeguard your Digitaria ischaemum from various diseases and pests and promote its healthy growth and yield.
