Origin
Digitaria endlichii Mez, commonly known as coastal crabgrass, is a type of grass that belongs to the Poaceae family. It is native to the southeastern United States, specifically in coastal areas of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina.
Common Names
Aside from coastal crabgrass, Digitaria endlichii Mez is also known as spike crabgrass, finger crabgrass, and saltwater crabgrass.
Uses
Digitaria endlichii Mez is a popular choice for coastal erosion control and dune stabilization. It is also used as a forage grass for livestock due to its high protein content and palatability. Additionally, some Native American tribes have utilized this plant for medicinal purposes such as treating fever and inflammation.
General Appearance
Coastal crabgrass is a perennial grass that grows up to 3 feet in height. It has slender, finger-like leaves that alternate along its stems. The leaves are typically pale green to greyish-green and can grow up to 6 inches long. The plant produces small spikelets that contain numerous tiny flowers. These spikelets are arranged in clusters on long, thin stems that grow from the main stem. The flowers are wind-pollinated, and the plant produces seeds that are dispersed by wind and water.
Light Requirements
Digitaria endlichii Mez prefers bright and direct sunlight to grow. The plant can tolerate partial shade, but it may affect its growth and overall health. Therefore, it is best to place the plant in a location that receives full sun exposure for at least six hours a day.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is native to tropical regions and prefers warm temperatures to grow. The ideal temperature range for Digitaria endlichii Mez growth is between 25-35 °C (77-95 °F). The plant cannot tolerate frost or cold temperatures and needs to be protected during the winter months.
Soil Requirements
Digitaria endlichii Mez grows well in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral, ranging between 6.0-7.5. The plant prefers soil that is moist but not waterlogged, so it is essential to provide adequate drainage. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil can help improve its fertility and texture, which can enhance plant growth.
Cultivation
Digitaria endlichii Mez grows well in areas with full sun exposure and well-draining soils. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 9a to 11b. The best time to plant the grass is in spring or summer when the soil temperatures are warm. Use a hoe or power tiller to work the soil thoroughly before planting.
Watering Needs
The plant requires regular watering, especially during the establishment period. Provide enough water to keep the soil moist, but not waterlogged. Avoid watering excessively as this can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
The grass needs to be fertilized regularly for healthy growth. Apply a balanced fertilizer every two to three months during the growing season. Avoid applying excessive amounts of fertilizer, as this can cause damage to the plant.
Pruning
Digitaria endlichii Mez does not require frequent pruning. However, pruning can be done to remove any dead or damaged foliage. Use a sharp pair of garden shears to trim the leaves or stems. The best time to prune the grass is during the growing season.
Propagation of Digitaria endlichii Mez
Digitaria endlichii Mez, commonly known as Smut Grass, is primarily propagated by seeds.
Seed collection and preparation
The seeds of Digitaria endlichii Mez mature in a few weeks after the flower sets. The seeds are ready to be collected when the seed spikes turn brown. The spikelets should be collected in a dry container, preferably a paper bag. The seeds can be threshed by shaking the container to separate the spikelets from the chaff.
The seeds should be cleaned by winnowing or sieving to remove the chaff and debris. The cleaned seeds can be stored in a cool, dry place until use.
Sowing
The best time to sow Digitaria endlichii Mez seeds is during the rainy season. The seeds should be sown in prepared soil that has been cleared of weeds, using a seeder or by broadcasting them evenly by hand. The soil should be moistened immediately after sowing.
Germination and growth
The seeds of Digitaria endlichii Mez typically germinate within 7 to 14 days after sowing. The seedlings should be thinned to about 10cm apart when they reach a height of 10cm to allow for proper growth and development.
Digitaria endlichii Mez can also be propagated vegetatively by dividing the clumps during the early rainy season. However, seed propagation is the most efficient and reliable method.
Disease management
Digitaria endlichii Mez is generally resistant to fungal diseases, but some of the common diseases that can affect this plant are:
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease can cause spotting or blotching on the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage the disease, infected plant parts must be removed and destroyed. Fungicides can also be used.
- Brown patch: This fungal disease can cause circular patches of brown grass in lawns. Proper irrigation practices and balanced nitrogen fertilization can help to manage the disease. Fungicides can also be used.
Pest management
There are several pests that can attack Digitaria endlichii Mez, including:
- Sod webworms: These insects can cause significant damage to the plant by feeding on the leaves and stems. Natural predators such as birds, wasps, and ground beetles can help to manage the pest. Insecticides can also be used.
- Chinch bugs: These insects can cause yellowing and stunting of the plant. Proper irrigation practices and balanced nitrogen fertilization can help to manage the pest. Insecticides can also be used.
- Armyworms: These insects can quickly strip a plant of its foliage. Natural predators such as birds, wasps, and ground beetles can help to manage the pest. Insecticides can also be used.
Regular inspection of the plant is crucial to detect diseases and pests early. Prevention is always better than cure, so it is important to maintain proper cultural practices such as regular watering and fertilization to promote plant health.
