Overview
Digitaria elegans Stapf is a species of grass that belongs to the family Poaceae. It is a drought-tolerant, warm-season annual grass that is native to sub-Saharan Africa.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as "Finger millet," "African millet," or "Okashana finger millet."
Appearance
Digitaria elegans Stapf has an erect stem that can reach up to 150 cm in height. The leaves are narrow, lance-shaped, and up to 50 cm long. The inflorescence is a spike-like panicle that is up to 40 cm long and bears small, brownish or purplish-brown spikelets. The seeds are small and brown, enclosed in husks.
Uses
Digitaria elegans Stapf is an important food crop in sub-Saharan Africa. Its seeds can be ground into flour and used to make porridge or flatbread. It is highly nutritious and contains high levels of protein, fiber, calcium, and iron. It is also used as animal feed and soil conditioner due to its high nitrogen-fixing abilities. In traditional medicine, the plant is used to treat diarrhea and as a tonic for pregnant women.
Light Requirements
Digitaria elegans Stapf grows best in full sunlight conditions. Therefore, it is recommended to place it in an area that receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Insufficient sunlight can result in the stunted growth of the plant.
Temperature Requirements
Digitaria elegans Stapf prefers warm temperatures for optimal growth. It tolerates a range of temperatures between 20-30°C (68-86°F). Frost or extremely cold temperatures can cause the death of the plant.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers soils that are well-drained, moist, and rich in organic matter. The ideal pH range for the growth of Digitaria elegans Stapf is between 6.0 to 7.5. The presence of excessive moisture can cause root rot, which can severely damage the plant.
Cultivation methods
Digitaria elegans Stapf, commonly known as Smutgrass, is a warm-season perennial grass that is native to Africa. It prefers full sunlight and well-draining soil to grow. The plant can be propagated by seeds, which should be sown in spring or summer. The seeds should be lightly covered with soil, and the soil should be kept moist until the seeds germinate. The optimum temperature for germination is around 25°C.
Watering needs
Digitaria elegans requires moderate watering. It should be watered when the topsoil feels dry to the touch. Overwatering should be avoided as it can cause root rot.
Fertilization
Digitaria elegans requires regular fertilization to grow properly. A balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 4-1-2 should be applied every two to three months during the growing season. Over-fertilization should be avoided as it can cause the plants to grow too fast.
Pruning
Digitaria elegans does not require much pruning. The dead leaves and stems should be removed to promote new growth. If the plant becomes too tall, the top portions can be trimmed to maintain its height. It is recommended to prune the plant during the growing season.
Propagation methods for Digitaria elegans Stapf
There are several ways to propagate Digitaria elegans Stapf. These include:
Seed propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method for growing Digitaria elegans Stapf. The seeds are small and require a well-draining soil mixture. They should be planted at a depth of about 1 inch in the soil. Seeds should be kept moist until germination, which usually occurs within two weeks of planting. After germination, thin the seedlings to ensure proper growth.
Division
Division is a method of propagating Digitaria elegans Stapf by separating the plant into smaller sections. This should be done during the plant's dormant period, which is typically in early spring. To propagate by division, gently dig up the plant and separate the sections. Each section should have a good root system and a portion of the stem. Replant the sections in well-draining soil and keep them moist until they establish themselves in their new location.
Cuttings
Cuttings can also be used to propagate Digitaria elegans Stapf. Cuttings should be taken from the plant in the summer and placed in a mixture of sand and peat moss. They should be kept moist and out of direct sunlight. After several weeks, the cuttings should begin to develop roots and can be planted in well-draining soil.
Disease Management
Digitaria elegans Stapf, commonly known as smooth crabgrass, can be affected by various diseases. Some of the common diseases and their management practices are:
Fungal Leaf Spots
Fungal leaf spots are characterized by small, circular, and brown spots on the leaves. To manage leaf spots, remove the affected leaves, and avoid overhead irrigation to reduce leaf wetness. Fungicides may also be used as a preventive measure.
Anthracnose
Anthracnose is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum graminicola and is characterized by yellowing and wilting of the leaves. To manage anthracnose, maintain good soil drainage and avoid over-fertilization. Fungicides may also be used as a preventive measure.
Pest Management
Digitaria elegans Stapf can also be a target of various pests. Some common pests and their management practices are:
Sod Webworms
Sod webworms are the larvae of lawn moths and can cause significant damage to the turf. To manage sod webworms, maintain proper lawn care practices, such as mowing and watering, and introduce natural predators. Insecticides may also be used as a control measure.
Mole Crickets
Mole crickets are soil-dwelling insects that can cause root damage and create unsightly tunnels in the turf. To manage mole crickets, water deeply and infrequently to discourage their proliferation. Insecticides may also be used as a preventive or curative measure.
