Overview
Digitaria calcarata Clayton, also known as summer grass or crabgrass, is an annual plant native to Africa, Asia, and Australia. It is widely distributed and known for its ability to grow in a variety of soils and environmental conditions, making it a popular weed in many parts of the world.
Appearance
The plant has a spreading or erect growth habit, can grow up to 60 cm tall, and has a fibrous root system. It has flat, hairless leaves that are dark green in color and can grow up to 15 cm long and 1 cm wide. The flowers are borne on slender, branched stems and are arranged in spike-like clusters up to 10 cm long. The spikelets consist of one fertile floret and one or two sterile florets and are arranged in a zigzag pattern along the spike.
Uses
In some parts of the world, Digitaria calcarata is used for medicinal purposes. In traditional African medicine, the roots are used to treat stomach pains, diarrhea, and dysentery. The leaves and stems are used to treat urinary tract infections and fever. Additionally, this plant is used as forage for livestock due to its high nutritional content. However, in many other areas, it is considered an invasive weed that competes with crops and native plants for resources.
Light Requirements
Digitaria calcarata Clayton typically grows in full sun to partial shade conditions. It requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily to grow and thrive. If the plant is grown indoors, it must be exposed to bright, direct light.
Temperature Requirements
Digitaria calcarata Clayton thrives in warm temperatures ranging from 75°F to 85°F (24°C to 29°C). The plant does not tolerate frost and cannot survive in temperatures below 50°F (10°C). In colder climates, it must either be grown indoors or replanted annually.
Soil Requirements
Digitaria calcarata Clayton grows best in well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. The ideal pH range for the soil is 6.0 to 7.0. The plant can survive in neutral or slightly alkaline soils, but it does not thrive. Heavy clay soils must be avoided since they retain too much water and cause root rot.
Cultivation Methods:
Digitaria calcarata Clayton, also known as southern crabgrass, is a warm-season annual plant. It requires plenty of sunlight, and despite its name, it isn't a water plant. It grows well in soils that are sandy or loamy and that have good drainage. It's important to note that southern crabgrass is an aggressive plant that spreads quickly, so it's best to keep it away from other plants.
Watering Needs:
Southern crabgrass needs regular watering, especially during the dry season. It's recommended to water it deeply but less frequently rather than shallowly and often. The goal is to keep the soil moist, but not waterlogged. Watering should be done in the morning or evening to reduce the risk of evaporation and reduce stress on the plant due to the hot sun.
Fertilization:
Digitaria calcarata Clayton thrives in fertile soils, so it's recommended to fertilize it during the growing season. Fertilizers provide the plant with much-needed macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The fertilization schedule should be determined by soil testing, the plant's growth, and the surrounding vegetation.
Pruning:
Pruning southern crabgrass is not necessary unless you want to promote growth and limit its spread. Because it's an annual plant, it will die back on its own at the end of the growing season. If you notice the plant growing into unwanted areas, you can pull it out. Additionally, mowing the plant regularly can help keep it in check. Mowing should be done when the plants are less than four inches tall.
Propagation of Digitaria calcarata Clayton
Digitaria calcarata Clayton is a grass species that mainly propagates through seed germination. However, it can also propagate vegetatively through tillers, rhizomes, and stolons.
Seed Propagation
The propagation of Digitaria calcarata Clayton through seed is the easiest and most effective method of producing a large number of plants. The seeds are collected from mature seed heads and are cleaned, sorted, and allowed to dry in the sun for a few days. They can be stored in a cool, dry place for up to two years.
Before sowing, the seeds can be treated with a fungicide to prevent fungal infections. Sow the seeds during the rainy season in well-prepared soil. The seedlings emerge within a week or two and can be transplanted when they are around 4-6 inches tall.
Vegatative Propagation
Digitaria calcarata Clayton can also be propagated vegetatively by dividing the clumps. This method is mainly used for enhancing the plant's spread and coverage. It is usually done during the rainy season when the plants are actively growing.
Tillers, rhizomes, and stolons can be cut from the mother plant and planted directly into the prepared soil. They should be planted about 2-3 inches deep and spaced at least 6-8 inches apart. The soil should be kept moist until the plant establishes itself.
It is important to note that vegetative propagation can significantly alter the genetic makeup of the offspring, and therefore, may not produce plants that are identical to the parent plant.
Disease and Pest Management for Digitaria calcarata Clayton
Digitaria calcarata Clayton is a tough plant that grows in most conditions, but it is not immune to diseases and pests. Some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant include:
Diseases
Digitaria calcarata Clayton can be susceptible to fungal and bacterial diseases. Fungal diseases such as leaf spot, rust, and powdery mildew can cause leaf drop, defoliation, and stunt growth. Bacterial diseases such as bacterial leaf blight and leaf streak can cause lesions, leaf spots, and yellowing.
To manage fungal and bacterial diseases, you can apply a copper-based fungicide or bactericide. It is essential to apply the product according to the directions provided by the manufacturer and to avoid over-application. You can also promote plant health by providing adequate water, sunlight, and nutrition.
Pests
The most common pests that might affect Digitaria calcarata Clayton include aphids, armyworms, and grasshoppers. Aphids are small, sap-sucking insects that can cause wilting, yellowing, and stunted growth. Armyworms and grasshoppers can cause extensive damage by feeding on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant.
To manage pest infestations, you can release natural enemies such as ladybugs, lacewings, and praying mantises. You can also apply an insecticidal soap or oil to control aphids and other soft-bodied insects. For armyworms and grasshoppers, it is essential to remove the affected plant parts immediately and to apply a pesticide if necessary.
Overall, by following proper disease and pest management techniques, you can maintain the health and vitality of your Digitaria calcarata Clayton plant and minimize the risk of prolonged damage or infestation.
