Overview of Dichondra micrantha
Dichondra micrantha, also known as the kidneyweed or Asian ponysfoot, is a natural creeping perennial plant native to Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. The plant features a mat-forming growth habit that makes it a suitable groundcover for landscaping purposes, especially in areas that do not experience high foot traffic. Dichondra micrantha is a member of the Convolvulaceae family, which is the same family that morning glory belongs to.
General Appearance of Dichondra micrantha
Dichondra micrantha is a low-growing and a spreading plant that forms a dense, lush green mat. The plant reaches a maximum height of around six inches and a width of two feet. The leaves of this plant are kidney-shaped and have a velvety texture, with but a light sheen of soft hairs on top and silver-green underneath. The stems are thin, creeping, and typically root at the nodes. The plant flowers in mid to late summer. Its tiny flowers present as greenish-white in leaf axils, which is low key and small, but they do offer intrigue in close inspection.
Common Uses of Dichondra micrantha
Dichondra micrantha is commonly used as a groundcover plant in landscaping. Additionally, the plant can also be used as a lawn substitute in areas where grass does not thrive well. The plant serves as a beautiful, sustainable, herbaceous ground cover often planted as a single species. Often Dichondra is combined with other low-maintenance groundcovers for the creation of modern "lawn" spaces. It's a perfect choice for edging paths and garden beds, as well as planting in between stepping stones to create a lush soft carpet effect - which adds a striking contrast to hardscape elements. Besides adding aesthetic value, the plant also helps prevent soil erosion and reduces weeds in its growth area.
Aside from landscaping, Dichondra micrantha, abundant in antioxidants and a few polyphenolic constituents, is used in folk medicine for treating eye inflammations, skin wounds and infections, diarrhea, and fever. It is generally considered safe and has low toxicity levels.
Growth Conditions for Dichondra micrantha
Dichondra micrantha, also known as kidney weed, is a popular ground cover plant that has attractive, bright green, kidney-shaped leaves. To ensure optimum growth and development of this plant, it is essential to provide the ideal growth conditions. Below are some of the typical growth conditions required for the optimum growth of the Dichondra micrantha plant.
Light Requirements
Dichondra micrantha plants thrive best in areas with bright but indirect sunlight. The plant prefers an ideal level of sunlight for at least four to six hours every day. In areas with overly hot temperatures, it is recommended to grow the plant in an area that receives partial shade to protect it from direct sunlight. Insufficient light can cause stunted growth and pale leaves.
Temperature Requirements
The Dichondra micrantha plant thrives in moderate temperatures ranging from 65 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit. The plant cannot withstand frost and freezing temperatures. Therefore, gardeners in regions with extremely cold temperatures should cover the plant with a protective layer of straw or mulch during winters. Extremely hot temperatures may cause the plant's growth to slow down or even become dormant.
Soil Requirements
The Dichondra micrantha plant requires well-draining soil that is rich in organic nutrients. The plant can grow in various soil conditions, including sand, loam, and clay soils. The soil's pH range should be neutral (6.0-7.0) for optimum growth conditions. A soil that does not drain properly or a pH level outside the recommended range can lead to root rot and stunted plant growth.
Water Requirements
The Dichondra micrantha plant requires consistent and moderate watering to maintain its lush green appearance. Overwatering the plant may cause root rot, whereas under-watering may lead to leaf drop and stunted plant growth. The plant thrives best in well-drained soil, and a moist but not soggy soil condition is ideal. To avoid overwatering, wait till the topsoil dries out before watering the plant.
Fertilization Requirements
The Dichondra micrantha plant requires regular fertilization to maintain its lush green appearance. Apply a balanced NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium) fertilizer during the plant's growing season (Spring and Summer). However, avoid over-fertilization as it may cause excessive growth that may require more frequent maintenance.
Cultivation Methods
Dichondra micrantha is often grown as a ground cover, and it can also be grown in containers or hanging baskets. This plant thrives in warm climates and prefers well-draining soil with a pH between 5.5 and 7.5. It will grow best in a spot that receives partial shade but can tolerate full sun in cooler temperatures. To propagate Dichondra micrantha, take stem cuttings or divide established plants in the spring or early summer.
Watering Needs
Dichondra micrantha requires moderate watering. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can cause root rot and other issues. Check the soil moisture level frequently during hot weather and water the plant when the soil feels dry to the touch. In cooler weather, you can reduce watering frequency.
Fertilization
Dichondra micrantha can benefit from regular fertilization during the growing season. Use a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer every four to six weeks. Be sure to follow the package instructions carefully to avoid over-fertilization, which can damage the plant. In addition, avoid fertilizing during the winter months when the plant is dormant.
Pruning
Pruning Dichondra micrantha is not usually necessary, but you can trim it back if it becomes too long or begins to look straggly. Use sharp, clean pruning shears to cut back the stems to the desired length. You can also pinch back the tips of the stems to encourage bushier growth. If you need to remove dead or damaged leaves, use your fingers or scissors to snip them off at the base of the stem. Regular grooming will keep your Dichondra micrantha looking neat and tidy.
Propagation of Dichondra micrantha
Dichondra micrantha, also known as kidney weed, is a popular ornamental plant because of its trailing habit and rounded leaves. The plant is native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. Propagation of Dichondra micrantha can be done through several methods.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common way to grow Dichondra micrantha. The seeds of Dichondra micrantha are small, and many seeds can be produced per plant. Collect mature seeds from a healthy plant in late summer and dry them in a warm, moisture-free area. Once they are dry, store them in a cool, dry place until planting time. Plant the seeds in early spring in a seed-starting tray filled with moist soil. Cover the tray with plastic wrap to retain moisture and place it in a warm, bright location. When the seedlings begin to outgrow their containers, transfer them into individual pots, and acclimate them to full sun before transplanting them to the garden.
Division
Division is another propagation method for Dichondra micrantha. This method involves dividing the plant into smaller sections and replanting them. Divide the plant in the early spring before new growth appears. Using a shovel, carefully lift the plant from the ground, and separate the root ball into smaller sections. Each section should contain roots and some foliage. Replant the sections in a well-amended soil mix and water well.
Cuttings
Dichondra micrantha can also be propagated using stem cuttings. Take cuttings in the early spring from healthy plants. Place the cuttings in a well-draining soil mix, and keep it moist. Cover the container with plastic wrap to create a humid environment and place it in a warm, bright location. After a few weeks, the cuttings will form roots, and new growth will appear. Once the plant has established roots, transplant it into a pot or directly into the garden.
Disease and Pest Management for Dichondra Micrantha
Dichondra micrantha is a popular ground cover plant that has low maintenance requirements and beautiful foliage. However, it is susceptible to several diseases and pests that can damage the plant's health and appearance. Here are the common diseases and pests that may affect Dichondra micrantha and how to manage them.
Diseases
Powdery mildew: This fungal disease is characterized by a white powdery coating on the plant's leaves. It thrives in humid conditions and causes the leaves to turn yellow and stunt the plant's growth. To manage powdery mildew, ensure that the plant is well-ventilated, avoid overhead watering, and remove infected plant parts. Fungicides can also be used for severe infections.
Root rot: This disease is caused by fungi that thrive in wet soil conditions. It causes the roots to decay, leading to yellowing of leaves, wilting, and death. Ensure that the plant is grown in well-draining soil, avoid overwatering, and apply fungicides if necessary.
Leaf spot: This disease is characterized by circular brown spots with yellow halos on the plant's leaves. It thrives in wet conditions and can cause defoliation. Avoid overhead watering, ensure good air circulation, and remove infected leaves to manage leaf spot. Fungicides can also be used.
Pests
Cutworms: These are caterpillars that cut through the plant's stems at ground level, causing the plant to wilt and eventually die. Use traps, handpick the pests, or use organic insecticides to manage cutworms.
Whiteflies: These pests feed on the plant's sap, causing yellowing of leaves and stunted growth. They also secrete a sticky substance that attracts mold. Use sticky traps or apply insecticidal soap or neem oil to manage whiteflies.
Aphids: These are small insects that suck on the plant's sap, causing stunted growth and deformities. They also secrete honeydew that attracts ants and other pests. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to manage aphids.
Spider mites: These pests suck on the plant's sap, causing yellowing, and bronzing of leaves. They also produce webbing that can cover the leaves. Use insecticidal soap or miticides to manage spider mites.
Regular monitoring of the plant can help detect diseases and pests early and prevent their spread to other plants. Always follow the recommended dosage and frequency of application when using pesticides on Dichondra micrantha.
