Overview
Dichanthelium cynodon (Reichardt) C.A. Clark & Gould, commonly known as Cinnamongrass, is a warm-season perennial grass that belongs to the family Poaceae. It is believed to have originated from North America.
Common Names
Cinnamongrass gets its name from the sweet, spicy cinnamon aroma it emits when the foliage is crushed or disturbed. Some of the other common names for this grass include Cinnamon scald, Redtop panicum, and Virginia witchgrass.
Uses
As a native grass, Dichanthelium cynodon serves as a vital component of the North American prairie ecosystem. It is used for soil stabilization and is a valuable source of food and winter cover for wildlife. In addition, it is being used to restore native vegetation in prairie habitats that have been disturbed by human activities such as agriculture and urbanization.
Appearance
Dichanthelium cynodon has a fine-textured foliage that grows in small dense clumps that typically reach 2 to 4 feet in height. The leaves are green to blue-green, and the stem is slender with joints or nodes that run in a straight line. The flowers bloom from June to October and are typically purplish-brown in color. The seeds are small and black and are dispersed by wind and animals.
Light Conditions
Dichanthelium cynodon prefers full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. In the wild, it typically grows in open fields, prairies, and savannas that receive plenty of sunlight. When grown indoors, it is essential to provide the plant with adequate artificial lighting if natural light is insufficient.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for Dichanthelium cynodon growth is between 70-85°F (21-29°C). The plant cannot withstand freezing temperatures and dies back to its roots in the fall in preparation for winter. It can grow in a variety of climates, depending on the species, but generally prefers warm and temperate zones.
Soil Requirements
Dichanthelium cynodon thrives in well-draining, fertile soils. It prefers soils that are slightly acidic to neutral with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. The plant can adapt to a wide range of soil types, including loam, clay, sand, and various mixtures of these soils. However, it grows best when the soil is rich in organic matter and nutrients.
Cultivation
Dichanthelium cynodon grows best in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It can tolerate both full sun and partial shade but prefers a sunny location. The plant can be propagated through seed or by dividing the root ball in the fall or spring. To plant, dig a hole that is twice the size of the root ball, and place the plant in the hole. Cover the roots with soil, and water thoroughly.
Watering Needs
Dichanthelium cynodon requires regular watering until it is established. Water deeply but infrequently to encourage deep root growth. Once established, the plant can tolerate drought but will require occasional watering during prolonged dry periods. Avoid overwatering, as the plant is susceptible to root rot in waterlogged soil.
Fertilization
Dichanthelium cynodon benefits from an application of fertilizer in the spring before new growth appears. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for application rate and frequency. Avoid overfertilizing, as this can lead to excessive growth and weak stems.
Pruning
Dichanthelium cynodon is a low-maintenance plant that requires little pruning. Dead or damaged foliage can be removed at any time. To keep the plant looking tidy, cut back any long or straggly stems in the early spring before new growth appears. This will encourage the plant to produce new, bushy growth.
Propagating Dichanthelium Cynodon
Dichanthelium Cynodon is a warm-season perennial grass that is primarily propagated through seeds, though some propagation can be achieved through vegetative means as well.
Propagation by Seed
The easiest way to propagate Dichanthelium Cynodon is through seeds. Seeds can be obtained from mature seed heads in the late summer or early fall. It is important to collect the seeds when they are fully mature as immature seeds will not germinate. The seeds should be stored in a cool, dry place until they are ready to be sown.
Seeds should be sown in the late spring or early summer when soil temperatures reach at least 65 degrees Fahrenheit. The seeds should be planted approximately 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep in well-draining soil. Seedlings should emerge within 10-14 days.
Propagation by Division
Propagation by division is possible with Dichanthelium Cynodon, but it is more difficult than propagation by seed. Dividing the plant should be done during the early spring when new growth starts to emerge. The clump of the plant should be dug up and divided into smaller pieces, making sure that each piece has viable roots and shoots.
After dividing the plant, the divisions should be planted in well-draining soil and watered regularly to promote healthy root growth. It may take several weeks for the divisions to establish themselves and begin growing vigorously.
Disease and Pest Management for Dichanthelium cynodon
Disease and pest management for Dichanthelium cynodon is important to ensure optimal plant growth and health. Here are some common diseases and pests that may affect this plant species, along with ways to manage and control them.
Common Diseases
Leaf spot: One common disease that affects Dichanthelium cynodon is leaf spot, which is caused by several fungal species. Symptoms include circular spots on the leaves that are tan or dark brown in color with reddish-brown borders. To manage this disease, remove and destroy infected leaves and stems, improve air circulation around the plant, and avoid overcrowding.
Anthracnose: Another fungal disease that can affect Dichanthelium cynodon is anthracnose, which causes brown or black spots on the leaves, stems, and fruit. The disease spreads rapidly under moist conditions. To manage this disease, remove and destroy infected plant parts, ensure proper drainage, and avoid overhead watering.
Root rot: Root rot is a common disease that affects Dichanthelium cynodon and is caused by various fungal species. Symptoms include initial yellowing of leaves and wilting, followed by eventual death of the plant. To manage this disease, avoid overwatering, ensure proper drainage, and remove and destroy infected plants.
Common Pests
Aphids: One common pest that may affect Dichanthelium cynodon is aphids. These small, soft-bodied insects feed on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing and distortion of leaves. To control aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil, encourage natural predators such as ladybugs, and remove heavily infested plant parts.
Cutworms: Cutworms are another common pest that may affect Dichanthelium cynodon. These caterpillars feed on the leaves and stems of the plant, causing extensive damage. To control cutworms, remove any debris or weeds around the plant, use floating row covers, and apply beneficial nematodes or Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticide if necessary.
Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny arachnids that feed on the underside of leaves, causing stippling and discoloration. To control spider mites, wash the plant with water or insecticidal soap, ensure adequate moisture around the plant, and apply predatory mites or ladybugs if necessary.
In conclusion, managing diseases and pests is critical to maintaining the health and vitality of Dichanthelium cynodon plants. Implementing these management strategies can help ensure the best possible growth and yield of this plant species.
