Origin
Dichaetanthera corymbosa (Cogn.) Jacq.-Fél. or Dichaetanthera in the family Melastomataceae is native to the tropical regions of South America, particularly in Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as "canela-de-velho" in Brazil, which means "old-cinnamon." In Peru, it is called "huayaba," while in Bolivia, it is known as "sangre de toro" or "bull's blood."
Uses
The plant Dichaetanthera corymbosa is widely used in traditional medicine in South America due to its various pharmacological properties. Its extracts and decoctions have shown antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities. In Brazil, it is commonly used to treat arthritis, rheumatism, and other painful inflammatory conditions, hence the name "canela-de-velho." Its leaves and fruits are also used to make tea, which is believed to be effective in treating high blood pressure, diabetes, and diarrhea.
General Appearance
Dichaetanthera corymbosa is a small shrub that can grow up to 1.5 meters tall. It has cylindrical stems that are woody at the base and covered with fine hairs. The leaves are simple, opposite, and elliptic in shape, with a bright green color and a glossy surface. The flowers are small, pink or purple, and arranged in dense clusters at the top of the stems. The fruits are small, round, and purple-black.
Light Requirements
Dichaetanthera corymbosa thrives in bright but indirect light. It is best to place the plant near a window that receives plenty of natural light, but not direct sunlight. Direct sunlight can burn the delicate leaves of the plant.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Dichaetanthera corymbosa is between 18°C to 25°C (64°F to 77°F). The plant prefers warmer temperatures but cannot tolerate extreme heat or cold. Keep the plant away from cold drafts, air conditioners, and heaters as they can harm the plant.
Soil Requirements
Dichaetanthera corymbosa requires well-draining soil that is kept consistently moist but not waterlogged. A soil mix with good drainage such as a combination of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite would work well. The plant thrives in a slightly acidic soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5.
Fertilizer Requirements
Feed Dichaetanthera corymbosa with a balanced water-soluble fertilizer once a month during the growing season, which is spring and summer. Reduce the frequency during fall and winter as the plant enters its dormant phase. Over-fertilizing can cause damage to the plant, so it is important to follow the instructions on the fertilizer package carefully.
Cultivation methods
Dichaetanthera corymbosa, commonly known as "espadinha-do-campo," is a plant native to Brazil and is widely cultivated for ornamental purposes. It is a perennial species that prefers warm and humid environments such as the tropical and subtropical regions. It requires well-drained soil rich in organic matter and must be planted in a sunny or semi-shaded location.
Watering needs
The watering of Dichaetanthera corymbosa must be regular, especially during the dry season. The plant's soil must be kept moist at all times, but it should not be excessively wet, as this could lead to root rot. Avoid watering the plant's leaves as waterlogging may occur and result in the plant's death.
Fertilization
The plant should be fertilized with chemical fertilizers or organic matter to promote healthy growth. Fertilization should be done during the growing season, preferably at intervals of two to three weeks. It is important to avoid over-fertilization as this can damage the plant. Consult a professional or experienced gardener for advice on the appropriate fertilizer application quantity.
Pruning
Pruning should be done at the end of the winter season, right before the spring when new growth emerges. The plant requires little pruning as it has a compact growth habit. Dead or damaged leaves or branches should be removed to promote the development of healthy shoots.
Propagation Methods for Dichaetanthera corymbosa
Dichaetanthera corymbosa can be propagated through various methods, including seeds, divisions, and cuttings.
Propagation through seeds
The easiest way to propagate Dichaetanthera corymbosa is through seeds. The seeds can be sown directly into the soil or in seed trays. It is essential to sow the seeds in well-draining soil, with good moisture retention. Sow the seeds at a depth of 1 cm and maintain moist soil until the seeds germinate in two to three weeks.
Propagation through divisions
Division is another effective method to propagate Dichaetanthera corymbosa. The plant can be divided during the early spring season. First, the plant's rootball must be carefully dug up and separated into smaller sections. Each section should have at least one stem and a sufficient amount of roots. The divisions can then be replanted in pots or directly in the ground.
Propagation through cuttings
Dichaetanthera corymbosa can also be propagated through stem cuttings. It is best to take cuttings in spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing. Cut a 5-6 inch piece of stem, and remove the bottom leaves, leaving only two or three leaves at the top. Dip the cut end into rooting hormone powder and plant it in well-draining soil. Keep the soil moist and make sure the cutting has access to filtered sunlight.
Disease and Pest Management for Dichaetanthera corymbosa (Cogn.) Jacq.-Fél.
Dichaetanthera corymbosa, commonly known as Brazilian Button Flower, is a beautiful and popular plant. However, it is prone to several diseases and pests that may ultimately lead to its demise. Here are some common diseases and pests that affect Dichaetanthera corymbosa and how to manage them effectively:
Diseases
Fungal Diseases: Fungal diseases are common in Dichaetanthera corymbosa, especially if the plant is too wet or is grown in poorly draining soil. Some of the common fungal diseases that affect Dichaetanthera corymbosa include powdery mildew, rust, and leaf spot. To manage these diseases, remove all infected leaves and branches, and dispose of them properly. Also, ensure the plant is not overwatered, and improve the soil drainage. Consider applying fungicides as well.
Bacterial Diseases: Bacterial diseases are less common but can still affect Dichaetanthera corymbosa. These include bacterial blight and bacterial leaf spot. To manage bacterial diseases, prune and dispose of all infected parts of the plant, and avoid overcrowding of plants. Apply copper-based fungicides to control the spread of the disease.
Viral Diseases: Viral diseases are among the most severe diseases that can affect Dichaetanthera corymbosa. Unfortunately, there is no effective management for viral infections, and the best you can do is to remove and dispose of infected plants to avoid spreading the virus to other plants.
Pests
Spider Mites: Spider mites are common pests that are known to attack Dichaetanthera corymbosa. These tiny pests feed on the sap of the plant, leading to stunted growth, discoloration of leaves, and ultimately, death. To manage spider mites, wash the plant's leaves with a stream of water, eliminate any dust and debris surrounding the plant, and ensure the plant is well-hydrated.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are another common pest that affects Dichaetanthera corymbosa. They are characterized by small, cotton-like clusters on the plant's leaves, sucking the sap from its foliage. To control these pests, apply neem oil to the plant's leaves and stems, and isolate infected plants to prevent further infestation.
Whiteflies: Whiteflies suck sap from the plant, causing wilting, yellowing, and death. They are characterized by small, white, moth-like insects on the plant's leaves. To control whiteflies, wash the plant's leaves regularly, and apply insecticidal soap or neem oil. Sticky traps can also be used to control their population.
By following these tips, you can manage the diseases and pests that affect Dichaetanthera corymbosa and keep it healthy and beautiful.
