Overview
Dichaelia elongata Schltr, also known as Hare's tail orchid or rabbit ear orchid, is a species of orchid that belongs to the genus Dichaelia. The plant is widespread in different parts of Southeast Asia and can grow up to a height of 40cm.
Appearance
The plant has a branched stem with many side branches that emerge from the base of the plant. Each stem has multiple lance-shaped leaves with dark green color. The leaves are 4-10cm in length and 0.5-1.5cm wide. The plant exhibits a beautiful raceme of elongated flowers that are arranged in a cylindrical shape. The flowers appear to be brown-yellow with a furry appearance and petals that are similar to ears.
Origin and Habitat
Dichaelia elongata Schltr. is native to Southeast Asia and can be found in different parts of Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The plant thrives in wet and humid areas such as swamps, damp meadows, and forests where there is a lot of shade.
Uses
The plant has some medicinal properties and has been used for different medicinal purposes in different parts of Southeast Asia. Extracts from different parts of the plant are used to treat a range of ailments including respiratory infections, fever, and digestive disorders. The plant is also used as an ornamental plant and in the floriculture industry as well.
Light Requirements
The Dichaelia elongata Schltr. plant requires bright but indirect sunlight for optimal growth. It is best to place the plant in a location that receives 4-6 hours of light per day. Direct sunlight can cause scorching and damage the plant's leaves, leading to stunted growth.
Temperature Requirements
The Dichaelia elongata Schltr. plant fares best in moderate temperatures. The ideal temperature range for this plant is between 60-85°F (15-29°C). However, it can tolerate temperatures as low as 55°F (13°C) and as high as 90°F (32°C). Keep the plant away from drafty areas during the winter months to prevent damage from frost.
Soil Requirements
The Dichaelia elongata Schltr. plant prefers well-draining soil that is loose and sandy. The soil pH should range from slightly acidic to neutral (pH 5.5-7). Adding compost or organic matter to the soil can improve its fertility and drainage, leading to better overall growth. Avoid overwatering and allow the soil to dry out slightly between waterings.
Cultivation Methods
Dichaelia elongata Schltr., also known as the long-spur epipactis, is a terrestrial orchid species that requires specific growing conditions. It grows well under bright yet partially shaded areas with well-drained soil. This plant thrives in warm, humid places with temperatures ranging from 18 to 22 degrees Celsius.
For optimal growth, plant Dichaelia elongata Schltr. in a medium-sized pot, use the appropriate soil with a pH of 5.0-6.5 and add orchid bark to enhance drainage.
Watering Needs
When it comes to watering, this plant requires consistent moisture without being too wet. Water the plant about every seven to ten days, ensuring the topsoil is dry before watering, during the active growing season. During its dormancy, water only when necessary. Avoid overwatering, which can result in root rot, leading to the death of the plant.
Fertilization
Fertilization for Dichaelia elongata Schltr. is necessary to promote growth and keep the plant healthy. Use a specific orchid fertilizer with low nitrogen content every three to four weeks during the growing season. Avoid fertilizing during the dormancy period.
Pruning
Pruning is essential in maintaining the health of the plant. Remove the dead and yellow leaves by gently plucking or cutting them off using sanitized scissors. Also, remove the spent blooms to promote its growth for the next flowering season. Pruning should be done during the dormant season.
Propagation of Dichaelia elongata Schltr.
Dichaelia elongata Schltr. is a terrestrial orchid native to South and Central America. This plant can be propagated through different methods, including:
Seed propagation
The most common method of propagating Dichaelia elongata Schltr. is through seeds. The seeds of the plant are tiny and dust-like, and they need a sterile medium to sprout. The seeds should be sown no more than 1mm deep, and the pot should be kept in a warm, humid environment. Once the seeds start to germinate, they should be misted regularly to maintain the desired humidity.
Division
Another method of propagating Dichaelia elongata Schltr. is through division. This method is best suited for mature plants that have outgrown their container. The plant should be carefully removed from the pot, and the roots should be gently separated. Each division should have a healthy clump of leaves and roots. Each division should be potted in a sterile medium and kept in a warm and humid environment.
Meristem culture
Dichaelia elongata Schltr. can also be propagated through a tissue-culture technique known as meristem culture. This method involves the isolation of the apical meristem, which is the growing tip of the plant, and the cultivation of this meristem in a nutrient-rich medium. This method is advantageous because it can produce large numbers of genetically identical plants quickly.
In conclusion, Dichaelia elongata Schltr. can be propagated through seed, division, or meristem culture. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of method will depend on the grower's preferences and resources.
Disease Management
Disease management is essential for ensuring the health and survival of Dichaelia elongata Schltr. Here are some common diseases that may affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Root Rot
Root rot is caused by a type of fungus that attacks the roots of the plant. It is a common problem in plants that are overwatered or planted in poorly drained soil. To prevent root rot, make sure the soil is well-drained and avoid overwatering the plant. If you suspect root rot, remove the affected plant immediately and dispose of it to prevent further spread of the disease.
Fusarium Wilt
Fusarium wilt is caused by a soil-borne fungus. The fungus enters the plant through the roots and causes the plant to wilt and die. There is no cure for Fusarium wilt, so prevention is the best course of action. Use disease-free soil and avoid planting Dichaelia elongata Schltr. in areas where the disease has previously been detected.
Leaf Spot
Leaf spot is caused by a type of bacteria that attacks the leaves of the plant. It appears as small, dark spots on the leaves and can cause the leaves to wilt and die. To prevent leaf spot, water the plant at the base and avoid getting the leaves wet. Use a copper-based fungicide to treat leaf spot if it occurs.
Pest Management
Pest management is also important for the health and growth of Dichaelia elongata Schltr. Here are some common pests that may affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the leaves of the plant. They cause yellowing and wilting of the leaves, and if left untreated, can cause the plant to die. To prevent spider mites, keep the plant well-watered and mist the leaves periodically. Use an insecticidal soap to treat spider mites if they occur.
Scale Insects
Scale insects are small, round pests that attach themselves to the leaves and stems of the plant. They suck the sap from the plant, causing the leaves to yellow and fall off. To prevent scale insects, keep the plant well-watered and avoid overcrowding. Use a horticultural oil to treat scale insects if they occur.
Whiteflies
Whiteflies are small, flying insects that feed on the sap of the plant. They cause the leaves to yellow and wilt, and if left untreated, can cause the plant to die. To prevent whiteflies, keep the plant well-watered and avoid overcrowding. Use an insecticidal soap to treat whiteflies if they occur.
