Descurainia incana var. major - Overview
Descurainia incana var. major, Hook. commonly known as Fendler's bladderpod is a perennial herb that belongs to the Brassicaceae family, which is mainly found in the southwestern part of the United States and northern Mexico.
Appearance
The plant is an erect perennial that grows up to 1m tall, with a branched stem covered with grey hairs. The pale green leaves are pinnate, ovate, and up to 8cm long. The flowers are small, with pale yellow petals, and arranged in long terminal racemes. Fendler's Bladderpod produces fruit in the form of a flat pod that resembles a bladder and contains black seeds.
Uses
Descurainia incana var. major has a variety of medicinal properties. The plant has been used traditionally as a cancer treatment and for its anti-inflammatory and pain relieving benefits. The leaves have been used to treat coughs, bronchial problems, and as a laxative. It is also used as a seasoning or flavouring, while the seeds are used in cooking and as a herbal remedy.
The plant is also known for its ecological benefits as it attracts bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. Additionally, the plant is tolerant of drought and can grow in arid or semi-arid regions, making it useful in restoration ecology for stabilizing soil and improving soil health.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Descurainia incana var. major is a versatile herb with medicinal, culinary, and ecological values. It is a beautiful and hardy plant that is easy to grow in most soil types. Its unique bladder-like fruit makes it noticeable and easily recognizable in the wild.
Light Requirements
Descurainia incana var. major typically grows in areas with full sun exposure. This plant requires direct sunlight for at least 6 hours a day to thrive. Insufficient light can result in stunted growth and weak stems.
Temperature Requirements
This plant species can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. However, it prefers a cool, temperate climate. The optimal temperature range for growth is between 10°C to 25°C. Extreme heat or cold can lead to poor growth, flowering and seed formation.
Soil Requirements
Descurainia incana var. major grows well in well-drained sandy or loamy soils with a neutral pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. Poor soil drainage results in root rot and low oxygen levels in the soil that can harm the plant. This plant also prefers soils that are moderately fertile and nutrient-rich.
Cultivation Methods
Descurainia incana var. major is a hardy plant that prefers full sunlight and well-drained soil. It can thrive in a variety of soil types, but it is best to avoid overly wet or dry conditions. The plant can be propagated by seed or cuttings, and it is important to ensure that each new plant has enough space to grow.
Watering Needs
Descurainia incana var. major requires moderate watering, especially during the growing season. It is important to avoid over-watering, as this can lead to root rot. The plant should be watered deeply once a week, allowing the soil to dry out slightly before watering again. During periods of drought, it is important to increase irrigation to prevent the plant from becoming stressed.
Fertilization
Descurainia incana var. major does not require frequent fertilization, but it can benefit from a light application of fertilizer in early spring. A slow-release, balanced fertilizer can be mixed into the soil around the base of the plant to encourage healthy growth. When applying fertilizer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions to avoid damaging the plant.
Pruning
Descurainia incana var. major does not require regular pruning, but it can benefit from occasional shaping to maintain its appearance. Pruning should be done in early spring before new growth appears, and any dead or damaged branches should be removed. It is important to avoid pruning too heavily, as this can stress the plant and reduce its overall health.
Propagation of Descurainia incana var. major
Descurainia incana var. major or Gray Tansy-mustard, is commonly propagated through seeds. However, it can also be propagated through division.
Propagation through Seeds
The seeds of Descurainia incana var. major can be directly sown into the soil in the spring or fall. Before sowing, the seeds should be scarified or stratified to promote germination. Scarification involves nicking or scratching the hard outer coat of the seed, which allows water absorption and promotes germination. Stratification, on the other hand, involves exposing the seeds to cold conditions to simulate winter dormancy, which also promotes germination.
Once the seeds are scarified or stratified, they can be sown directly into the soil, from 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep. They should be watered regularly to maintain moisture until they germinate, which usually takes about two weeks. Seedlings should be transplanted once they have established roots and are strong enough to survive on their own.
Propagation through Division
To propagate Descurainia incana var. major through division, the plant should first be established. Once established, the plant can be divided in the spring or fall. To divide the plant, carefully dig up the roots and separate them into small sections, making sure that each section has roots attached. These sections can be replanted and watered thoroughly. The new plants will require regular watering until they have established roots and are strong enough to survive on their own.
Disease and Pest Management for Descurainia Incana var. major
Descurainia incana var. major, also known as gray tansy mustard, is a hardy, drought-resistant plant that is native to North America. However, like all plants, it is susceptible to disease and pest infestations. Here are some common diseases and pests that may affect this plant, and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Clubroot: This is a fungal disease that affects the roots of mustard family plants, causing them to become swollen and deformed, and gradually killing the plant. It can be recognized by the presence of galls on the roots and lower stem. Clubroot is particularly prevalent in wet soils with a pH below 7.0. To manage clubroot, prevent its spread by planting only clean seed in well-drained soils with a pH above 7.0.
Downy Mildew: This is a fungal disease that appears as grayish white patches on the leaves of the plant. The patches are often accompanied by yellowing of the tissue around them, and the leaves may curl and distort. Downy mildew thrives in moist conditions and can be spread by wind or water. To manage downy mildew, promote air circulation around the plant by pruning or thinning nearby vegetation, and avoid overhead watering.
Pests
Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects feed on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing and distortion of the leaves. They can also transmit plant viruses. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a stream of water to dislodge them, or use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Cabbage Maggots: These legless, white larvae feed on the roots of mustard family plants, causing stunted growth, yellowing, and wilted leaves. They can be recognized by the presence of small, white eggs at the base of the plant. To manage cabbage maggots, plant rows of onions or garlic around the affected area, or use row covers to prevent the adult flies from laying eggs near the plants.
Cutworms: These worms feed on the stems of young plants, causing them to wilt and die. They can be recognized by the presence of holes at the base of the plant. To manage cutworms, create a physical barrier around the base of the plant, such as a collar made from cardboard or paper, or use biological controls such as beneficial nematodes.
By taking these steps, you can help prevent and manage the most common diseases and pests that may affect your Descurainia incana var. major, and keep it healthy and thriving.
