Description of Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. var. alpicola (Rydb.) A.& D. Löve & Kapoor
Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. var. alpicola (Rydb.) A.& D. Löve & Kapoor, commonly known as tufted hairgrass or alpine hairgrass, is a clump-forming herbaceous perennial that is native to North America, Europe, and Asia. It belongs to the Poaceae family and is in the genus Deschampsia.
Appearance
Tufted hairgrass typically grows to a height of 30-100 cm (12-40 in) and spreads via rhizomes or stolons. The leaves are narrow and flat, ranging from 0.5-2 mm (0.02-0.08 in) wide, with a rough texture and rolled margins. The inflorescence is a panicle that can reach up to 50 cm (20 in) in length and is made up of numerous spikelets that contain the plant's flowers.
Common Names
The common names for Deschampsia cespitosa include tufted hairgrass, tussock grass, and alpine hairgrass. In some regions, it may also be known as tufted tussock, tufted rush, or simply hairgrass. The name "hairgrass" is derived from its fine and hair-like leaves.
Uses
Deschampsia cespitosa is commonly used in ornamental gardening due to its attractive appearance and adaptable nature. It is also used for erosion control, as it can grow in a variety of soil conditions and can withstand harsh environmental conditions. Additionally, it has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as dysuria and constipation.
Light Requirements
Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola is known for its adaptability to a wide variety of light conditions. It can grow well in full sun to partial shade. However, it is recommended to provide at least five hours of direct sunlight to promote optimum growth and flowering.
Temperature Requirements
Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola is a cool-season grass adapted to cold, mountainous regions. It grows best in a cool and moist environment where the temperature ranges between 15°C to 25°C. It can tolerate temperatures as low as -15°C during the winter months provided the soil is moist and well-drained.
Soil Requirements
Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola prefers moist, well-drained, and slightly acidic soils. It is generally found in the wild growing in rocky soils or near water sources. It does not tolerate standing water or overly dry conditions and requires regular watering during the hot and dry summer months. The ideal soil pH for growing this plant ranges from 5.5 to 7.0.
Cultivation Methods
Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola is a cool-season grass that grows best in well-drained soils with full sun to partial shade. It can tolerate a range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils.
When planting, it is important to space the plants about 18-24 inches apart to allow enough room for growth. Sow the seeds in the fall or early spring for the best results. Cover the seeds with about 1/8 inch of soil, and keep the soil moist until germination.
Watering Needs
Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola prefers moist soil but can tolerate periods of drought. It is important to avoid overwatering, which can cause root rot and other problems. Water the plant deeply once a week, or more frequently during hot, dry weather.
Fertilization
Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola does not require frequent fertilization, but a light feeding in the spring can help promote healthy growth. Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer at a rate of about 1/4 cup per plant.
Pruning
Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola does not require extensive pruning, but removing dead or damaged leaves can help improve the plant's appearance. Cut back the foliage to about 2-3 inches above the ground in the late winter or early spring to encourage new growth.
Propagation of Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola
Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola can be propagated through various methods such as seed germination, vegetative propagation, and division.
Seed Germination
Propagation through seed germination is the most common method used for Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola. Seeds should be sown in the fall or early spring in well-draining and fertile soil. Lightly cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and water regularly to maintain moisture. The optimal temperature for seed germination is between 10-15 °C. Germination can take up to several weeks, and seedlings must be tended until they are strong enough to transplant.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation is another method that can be used to propagate Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola. This can be done through stem cuttings, rhizome cuttings, or layering. Stem and rhizome cuttings should be taken in the summer when the plant is actively growing. Place the cuttings in a moist, well-draining soil with a good amount of organic matter. Provide regular watering, and the new plants will root in a few weeks. Layering can be used to propagate the plant by encouraging a stem to root while still attached to the parent plant. A small cut can be made to the stem, and the wound should be covered with soil. The stem will begin to root, and once established, it can be separated from the parent plant.
Division
Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola can also be propagated through division. This can be done in the early spring or fall. Using a sharp knife or garden shears, divide the clump of the plant at its base, ensuring that each new division has roots and a portion of foliage. Replant the new divisions in well-draining soil and water them regularly until they are established.
Disease Management
Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola is generally a healthy plant and not susceptible to many diseases. However, there are a few diseases that may affect this plant.
Fungal leaf spot: This disease can be caused by several different fungal pathogens, including Drechslera, Alternaria, and Bipolaris. Symptoms include circular sunken spots on the leaves which can cause the leaf to die. To manage fungal leaf spot, remove and destroy infected plant material. Fungicides may be useful, but prevention is the best option. Ensure proper air circulation and avoid watering the foliage.
Crown rot: This disease is caused by a soil-borne fungus. The plant may wilt and turn brown, dieback and browning of the leaves may also occur. To manage crown rot, improve drainage in soil and avoid overwatering. Remove and destroy affected plant material. Fungicides may also be useful.
Pest Management
Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola is generally not affected by pests. However, some may occasionally cause damage.
Aphids: These sap-sucking insects can cause distorted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage aphids, spray the plant with water to knock them off or use insecticidal soap or oil.
Slugs and snails: These pests can leave large holes in leaves and damage to the plant's crown. To manage slugs and snails, remove hiding places such as debris or boards from around the plant. Use a slug bait if necessary.
Spider mites: These tiny pests can cause a yellow, stippled appearance on leaves. To manage spider mites, remove and destroy affected plant material. Use a spray of insecticidal soap or horticultural oil after consulting a professional.
Regular inspection and maintenance will help prevent the occurrence and spread of diseases and pests. Always follow the instructions provided by any chemical control and use caution when applying them.
