Derris malaccensis Prain
Derris malaccensis Prain, also known as Malayan balac, is a plant species native to Southeast Asia, particularly in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. It belongs to the family Fabaceae and is commonly found in lowland forests, river banks, and swamps.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known by various local names including Malayan balac, Balak, Kamiri, and Tubu tubu.
Uses
The roots and stems of Derris malaccensis Prain are widely used in traditional medicine. They contain rotenone, a natural insecticide and fish poison. In Southeast Asia, rotenone-based preparations from the plant are used for treating skin diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and respiratory ailments. The plant is also used in the treatment of different types of cancers such as leukemia and breast cancer, due to its antiproliferative and apoptotic properties. Moreover, extracts from the plant are used in the cosmetic industry, particularly in hair care products, for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
General Appearance
Derris malaccensis Prain is a large woody climber that can grow up to 40 meters in length. The stems are smooth and brownish-grey with a diameter of 2-3 centimeters. Its leaves are compound, pinnate, and alternate, with a length of 15-30 centimeters. The leaflets are oblong or ovate, with a pointed tip, and have a length of 5-7 centimeters. The flowers are small, pale purple, and occur in racemes 20-40 centimeters long. The fruits are oblong pods that are 5-8 centimeters long, with a width of 2-2.5 centimeters.
Growth Conditions for Derris malaccensis Prain
Derris malaccensis Prain, commonly known as the Malacca Bean or the Tubang Tree, is a tropical plant species native to Southeast Asia. This plant is valued for its medicinal properties and is used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. Here are the typical growth conditions required for Derris malaccensis Prain:
Light Requirements
Derris malaccensis Prain requires partial to full sunlight to grow and thrive. This plant should be planted in a location that receives at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight every day. It is important to note that excessive exposure to direct sunlight may cause sunburn to the leaves.
Temperature Requirements
As a tropical plant, Derris malaccensis Prain thrives in warm and humid conditions. The ideal temperature range for this plant is between 20°C to 34°C. Temperatures below 10°C or above 40°C may cause stunted growth and damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
Derris malaccensis Prain prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil pH should be between 5.5 and 7.5, which is slightly acidic to neutral. This plant can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy or clay soil, as long as the soil is well-draining. It is important to note that this plant does not tolerate waterlogged soil.
Overall, Derris malaccensis Prain is a relatively easy plant to care for, as long as it is provided with the appropriate growth conditions. With proper care, this plant can reach a height of up to 20 meters and can live for up to 100 years.
Cultivation
Derris malaccensis Prain plants prefer a warm, humid, and shaded environment for optimal growth. They require a well-draining soil mix rich in organic matter. While they can tolerate a range of soil conditions, it's best to avoid planting them in waterlogged soils.
The best time to plant Derris malaccensis Prain is during the rainy season when the soil is moist and the weather is favorable for growth. They can be propagated from stem cuttings or seeds. If planting from seeds, soak them in warm water overnight to increase germination rates.
Watering Needs
Derris malaccensis Prain plants require regular watering to keep the soil moist but not saturated. During the rainy season, they may not require frequent watering as the rainfall is sufficient. However, during dry spells, watering should be done at least once a week. It's important to avoid overwatering the plants as this may lead to rotting roots and fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Derris malaccensis Prain plants benefit from regular fertilization with a balanced NPK fertilizer. Fertilization should be done at least twice a year, preferably during the beginning of the rainy season and towards the end of the dry season. Liquid fertilizers are also effective and should be applied at a diluted concentration.
Pruning
Pruning is usually done to shape the plant, control its size, and remove any diseased or damaged branches. Derris malaccensis Prain plants can be pruned after the flowering season to encourage bushier growth. Pruning should be done using sharp and sterile tools to avoid infecting the plant with diseases. It's also important to avoid over-pruning as this may reduce the plant's ability to flower and produce seeds.
Propagation of Derris malaccensis Prain
Derris malaccensis Prain can be propagated through both sexual and asexual methods.
Sexual propagation
The plant produces fruits that contain seeds. The ripe fruits are harvested, and the seeds are extracted, cleaned, and dried. When planting, the seeds are sown in soil that is rich in organic matter. The seeds will begin to germinate after a few weeks, and the seedlings should be transplanted to their permanent locations when they are about six months old.
Asexual propagation
Asexual propagation of Derris malaccensis Prain involves the use of cuttings. The plant cuttings should be obtained from healthy mother plants in their active growth stage. The cuttings should be about 15 cm long and should have at least three nodes. The cuttings are then dipped in rooting hormone powder and planted in a rooting medium. The rooting medium should be kept moist, but not waterlogged. The cuttings will root within 2-3 weeks and can then be transplanted to their permanent location.
Disease and Pest Management for Derris malaccensis Prain
Derris malaccensis Prain, commonly known as the Malacca Bean, is vulnerable to several diseases and pests that can damage the plant and reduce its yield. Disease and pest management practices are essential to keep the plant healthy and productive. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect Derris malaccensis Prain and ways to manage them.
Anthracnose
Anthracnose is a fungal disease that affects the leaves, stems, and fruits of the plant. Symptoms include circular spots on the leaves and fruits, which turn brown or black and enlarge over time. The disease can be managed by removing the infected parts of the plant and keeping the foliage dry. Fungicides can also be used to control the spread of the disease.
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects the leaves of the plant. It shows up as a white or gray powdery coating on the leaves, which can reduce their photosynthetic capacity. The disease can be managed by removing the infected leaves and improving air circulation around the plant. Fungicides can also be used to control the disease.
Root Rot
Root rot is a fungal disease that affects the roots of the plant. The symptoms include yellowing of the leaves, wilting, and stunted growth. Overwatering and poor drainage can cause root rot. To manage the disease, it is essential to improve soil drainage and reduce watering frequency. Fungicides can also be used to control the spread of the disease.
Scale Insects
Scale insects are common pests that can affect the plant. They feed on the sap of the plant, causing the leaves to yellow and distort. They are challenging to control, but effective ways to manage them include removing the infected leaves and twigs and using insecticides.
Caterpillars
Caterpillars are another common pest that can damage the plant. They feed on the leaves and can cause severe defoliation. Handpicking the caterpillars can be an effective way to control their population. Insecticides can also be used to manage the pest.
By implementing effective disease and pest management practices, it is possible to maintain the health and productivity of Derris malaccensis Prain plants. Regular monitoring and proactive measures can help ensure the best possible yield and growth of the plant.
